General Psychology Exam Answers 4

152. A mnemonic device is a: a. Mental picture b. Test or measure of memory c. Technique for encoding language sounds d. Memory aid e. Word, event, or place that triggers a memory of the past 153. A retention of skills and dispositions without conscious recollection is known as……………. Memory. a. State dependent b. Flashbulb c. Short term d. Sensory e. Implicit 154. The distruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information is called: a. State dependent memory b. Retroactive interference c. The serial position effect d. The spacing effect e. Proactive effect 155. A type of motivated forgetting in which painful memories are blocked from conscious awareness is : a. Retroactive interference b. Proactive interference c. The spacing effect d. Repression e. Priming 156. a. b. c. d. Amnesia patients typically experience disruption of : Implicit memories Explicit memories Iconic memories Echoic memories 157. Studies demonstrates that learning causes permanent neural changes in the ……………………… of animal’s neurons. a. Myelin b. Cell bodies c. Synapses d. All of the above 158. Memories of emotional events are especially to be facilitated by activation of the: a. Amygdala b. Hypothalamus c. Sensory cortex d. Motor cortex 159. Speed reading complex materials yields little long term retention because it inhibits: a. The serial position effect b. Retroactive interference c. The next- in- line effect d. Proactive interference e. Rehearsal 160. Research on memory construction indicates that memories of past experiences are likely to be: a. Difficult to retrieve but never completely b. Distorted by our current assumptions c. Much more vivid if they are seldom rehearsed d. Retrieved in the very same form and detail as they were originally encoded. 161. a. b. c. d. A fixation is most likely to inhibit : Confirmation bias Overconfidence Creativity Belief perseverance 162. a. b. c. d. The inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called a : Confirmation bias Fixation Heuristic Framing effect e. Prototype 163. Our tendency to judge the likelihood of an event on the basis of how readily we can remember instances of its occurrence is called the: a. Framing effect b. Belief perseverance phenomenon c. Confirmation bias d. Representativeness heuristic e. The availability heuristic 164. The earliest stage of speech development is called the …………………. Stage. a. Babbling b. Telegraphic speech c. One-word d. Grammatical e. Syntactic 165. Children first begin to use sounds to communicate meaning during the ………………….. stage. a. One- word b. Two –word c. Echoic d. Telegraphic e. Babbling 166. The fact that we can think without language is best illustrated in research on: a. Mental imagery b. Functional fixedness c. The framing effect d. Algorithms e. The representativeness heuristic 167. a. b. c. d. Our capacity for thinking without language is best illustrated by: The framing effect Functional fixedness Unconscious information processing The representativeness heuristic e. The belief perseverance phenomenon 168. a. b. c. d. e. To assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children’s: Head size Reasoning skills Muscular power Sensory acuity All of the above 169. The characteristics of savant syndrome most directly suggest intelligence is: a. A diverse set of distinct abilities b. Largely unpredictable and measurable c. A culturally constructed concept d. Dependent upon the speed of cognitive processing 170. A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n)…………………….. test. a. Reliability b. Interest c. Achievement d. Aptitude e. Intelligence 171. An aroused or activated state that is often triggered by physiological need is called a(n): a. Instinct b. Drive c. Incentive d. Set point 172. Which theory of motivation most clearly emphasizes the importance of genetic predispositions? a. Drive- reduction theory b. Instinct theory c. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory d. Arousal theory 173. Homeostasis refers to: a. A rigidly patterned behaviour characteristics of an entire species b. An aroused or activated state that is often triggered by a physiological need c. The body’s tendency to maintain a constant internal state d. A physical need that usually triggers motivational arousal. 174. The importance of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of: a. Instincts b. Homeostasis c. Arousal d. Incentives 175. a. b. c. d. Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamus of a rat is most likely to: Lower its set point for body weight Cause it to stop eating Lower its blood insulin level Facilitate conversion of its blood glucose to fat. 176. a. b. c. d. e. A homosexual orientation is : Equally likely among members of both sexes Associated with a lack of clear gender identity Very persistent and difficult to change A result of being sexually victimized during childhood Characteristic of over 10 percent of American males. 177. Foolish conformity to peer pressure is most likely to be motivated by…………………. Needs. a. Safety b. Belongingness c. Achievement d. Self- actualization e. Sexual 178. According to the two- factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are……………….. and ………………………….. a. Facial expressions; cognitive labels b. Emotion-arousing events; physical arousal c. Physical arousal; overt behaviour d. Cognitive labels; physical arousal 179. to a. b. c. d. e. During an emergency, increasing levels of emotional arousal are likely be accompanied by: Decrease in blood sugar levels Slowing of digestion Increase in salivation Constriction of pupils to increase visual acuity Decrease in respiration rate 180. A hormone that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is : a. Acetylcholine b. Epinephrine c. Testosterone d. Insulin e. Glycogen 181. Which division of the nervous system calms the body after an emergency passes? a. Somatic b. Central c. Sympathetic d. Parasympathetic 182. a. b. c. d. e. People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of: Love Anger Surprise Happiness Boredom 183. a. b. c. d. e. The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of: Moral integrity Self- consciousness Temporal consistency Self- actualization Gender identity 184. a. b. c. d. e. Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be: Displaced Projected Preconscious Fixated Unconscious 185. According to Freud, the personality system that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the : a. Collective unconscious b. Ego c. Self concept d. Id e. Super ego 186. Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as: a. Reaction formation b. Projection c. Fixation d. Displacement e. Repression 187. a. b. c. d. e. An excessive fixation is mot likely to contribute to : Reaction formation Regression Projection Electra complex Displacement 188. Projective tests are most closely associated with the ________ perspective. a. b. c. d. 189. a. b. c. d. e. Social cognitive Psychoanalytic Humanistic Trait The humanistic perspective emphasize the importance of: Free association Self determination Reciprocal determinism Personality inventories Projective tests 190. Which perspective will have the most difficulty accounting for the fact that anorexia nervosa is mostly a disorder of western cultures? a. Psychoanalytic perspective b. Cognitive perspective c. Medical perspective d. Behavioural perspective 191. The avoidance of potentially anxiety-arousing situations from which escape might be difficult is indicative of: a. An obsessive compulsive disorder b. A mood disorder c. Schizophrenia d. Agoraphobia e. Bipolar disorder 192. Which of the following is characterized by persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation? a. Generalized anxiety disorder b. Phobia c. Mood disorder d. Histrionic personality disorder e. Catatonia 193. Repeatedly washing your hand is to _________, as repeatedly thinking about your own death is to _______ a. b. c. d. Dissociative disorder; schizophrenia Mania; depression Phobia; delusion Compulsion; obsession 194. We can more easily extinguish a fear of driving a car than a fear of holding snakes. This is best explained from a _________ perspective a. Learning b. Biological c. Psychoanalytic d. Humanistic 195. A sense of being separated from your body and watching yourself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of: a. Bipolar disorder b. Paranoia c. Generalized anxiety d. Agoraphobia e. Dissociation 196. A condition in which an individual is overexcited, hyperactive and widely optimistic is known as: a. Paranoia b. A manic episode c. A panic attack d. Catatonia 197. a. b. c. d. e. A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is: Stress inoculation training Systematic desensitization Observational learning Active listening free association 198. Empathic understanding of the patient’s subjective experiences is a major goal of a : a. Psychoanalyst b. Biomedical therapist c. Client-centered therapist d. Behaviour therapist 199. a. b. c. d. e. Systematic desensitization is a form of: Psychoanalysis Biomedical therapy Counter-conditioning Cognitive therapy Humanistic therapy 200. a. b. c. d. e. The most widely used form of behaviour therapy is: Active listening Aversive conditioning The token economy Exposure therapy Stress inoculation training 201. In which form of therapy is unwanted behaviour systemaytically associated with unpleasant experiences? a. Electroconvulsive therapy b. Systematic desensitization c. Electic therapy d. Cognitive therapy e. Aversive conditioning 202. a. b. c. d. e. Psychotherapy is likely to be most effective when a client’s problem is: Clear cut The result of unconscious conflict Long standing and habitual A response to a stressful life situation Self inflicted 203. Which drugs appears to produce therapeutic effect by blocking receptor site of dopamine? a. Anti anxiety drugs b. Anti-depressant drugs c. Anti-psychotic drugs d. Anti-manic drugs 204. Observing yourself on a video tape is most like to increase your tendency to attribute your behaviour to: a. Social norms b. Role playing c. Personality traits d. Near exposure effect e. Any of the above 205. a. b. c. d. Attitude are _______ that guide behaviour Norms and rules Superordinate goals Beliefs and feelings Dispositional attributions 206. Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes? a. Equity theory b. Scape goat theory c. Cognitive dissonance theory d. Social exchange theory e. The two factor theory 207. a. b. c. d. e. A culture that promote individualism is most likely to encourage: Altruism Non-conformity In group bias Group think Super ordinate goals 208. Which of the following processes must obviously operate in group think? a. Social facilitation b. Cognitive dissonance c. Group polarization d. Self disclosure 209. a. b. c. d. e. Sigmund Freud would most likely have suggested that wars result from De-individuation Frustration Human instinct The fundamental attribution error Inequitable relationship a. b. c. d. Minimal levels of father care are associated with high levels of Conformity Group polarization Group facilitation aggression 210.