General Psychology Exam Answers 3

101. Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles? a. b. c. d. e. The token economy Light exposure therapy Systematic desensitization* Stress inoculation training Transference 102. The construction of an anxiety hierarchy and training in relaxation are important aspects of: a. Biomedical therapy b. Aversive conditioning c. Systematic desensitization* d. Client-centered therapy e. Stress inoculation therapy 103. Training people to stop blaming themselves for failures and negative circumstances beyond their control is of most direct concern to ______ therapist a. Psychoanalytic b. Cognitive* c. Eclectic d. Client-centered e. Behavior 104. a. b. c. d. e. The psychotherapeutic value of hope is best illustrated by: Free association The placebo effect* Systematic desensitization Transference Active listening 105. Which therapeutic specialists are most likely to have a Ph.D. degree in Psychology? a. Clinical psychologists* b. Clinical social workers c. Psychiatrists d. Pastoral counselors 106. Francis Bacon was an early advocate of what came to be known as a. Empiricism b. Psychiatry c. Structuralism d. Functionalism 107. The view that knowledge comes from experience and that science should rely on observation is called a. Functionalism b. Empiricism c. Rationalism d. Structuralism 108. A biological psychologist would be most interested in the relationship between: a. Body chemistry and violent behaviour b. Skull shape character traits c. Self-esteem and popularity d. Brain size and cell structure 109. a. b. c. d. Dendrites are branching extensions of: Neurotransmitters Endorphins Neurons Endocrine system 110. A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the: a. Synapse b. Agonist c. Action potential d. Myelin sheath e. Refractory period 111. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron’s reaction is: a. Inhibited by the myelin sheath b. Delayed by the refractory period c. An all-or-none response d. Dependent on neurotransmitter molecules 112. Joseph has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of : a. Glutamate b. Dopamine c. Acetylcholine d. Endorphins 113. The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ……………… nervous systems. a. Autonomic b. Sympathetic c. Parasympathetic d. peripheral 114. a. b. c. d. e. The reticular formation is located in the: brain stem limbic system somatosensory cortex motor cortex cerebellum 115. At the age of 22, Mrs. Adetoun was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the : a. Pancreas b. Adrenal gland c. Thyroid d. Pituitary gland e. Hypothalamus 116. a. b. c. d. e. The ovaries in the females and the testes in males are part of the : Limbic system Endocrine system Sympathetic nervous system Reticular formation Central nervous system 117. An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to: a. Fear dangerous animals b. Love their own children c. Seek healthy-looking mates d. Do all of the above 118. Identical twins originate from the fertilization of ………… egg cell(s) by …………… sperm cell(s). a. A single; a single b. Two; a single c. A single; two d. Two; two 119. The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children’s …………….. than on their………………. a. Temperament; political attitudes b. Extraversion; table manners c. Religious beliefs; personality traits d. Gender identity; gender schemas 120. The enduring traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviours shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their: a. Temperament b. Roles c. Racial identity d. Culture 121. Social learning theorists emphasize that: a. Observation and imitation play a crucial role in the gender-typing process b. Children will exhibit only those gender-typed behaviours for which they have been directly rewarded c. Children will not learn gender-typed behaviours if the same –sex parent is absent from the home. d. All of the above are true 122. The formation of a placenta signals the onset of ………………….. development a. Ovular b. Zygotic c. Fetal d. Embryonic 123. a. b. c. d. e. One of the most damaging teratogens is: Epinephrine Testosterone Serotonin Dopamine Alcohol 124. Mr. Harrison triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the : a. Foot b. Knee c. Arm d. Cheek 125. Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ……………….. development. a. Motor b. Social c. Cognitive d. Emotional e. Physical 126. a. b. c. d. e. Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called: Egocentrism Assimilation Imprinting Attachment Accommodation 127. If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to: a. Deal with the discipline of the toilet training b. See things from the point of another person c. Recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape. d. Retain earlier schemas when confronted by new experiences 128. Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes mostly to: a. Habituation b. Stranger anxiety c. Object permanence d. Secure attachment e. Egocentrism 129. a. b. c. d. Nature is to nurture as ……………………….. is to …………………….. Secure attachment; imprinting Hereditary; maturation Accommodation; assimilation Temperament; responsive parenting 130. Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be: a. Authoritarian b. Accommodating c. Egocentric d. Permissive e. Authoritative 131. a. b. c. d. Puberty is closely related to the onset of: menopause menarche Crystallized intelligence Conventional morality e. Dementia 132. Piaget is to cognitive development as Kohlberg is to …………………….. development. a. Emotional b. Physical c. Moral d. Social 133. According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the : a. Toddler b. Preschooler c. Elementary school child d. Adolescent 134. Questions about whether anxious children will grow up too be either fearful or relaxed adults most directly highlight the issue of: a. Continuity of stages b. Stability or change c. Rationality or irrationality d. Nature or nurture 135. a. b. c. d. Sensation is to …………….. as perception is to …………………………….. Encoding; detection Detection; interpretation Interpretation; organization Organization; adaptation 136. The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the: a. Sensory adaptation threshold b. Difference threshold c. Subliminal threshold d. Absolute threshold 137. a. b. c. d. e. The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the : Lens Iris Retina Optic nerve Feature detectors 138. a. b. c. d. Which cells are located closest to the back of the retina? Ganglion cells Bipolar cells Rods and cones Feature detectors 139. People who demonstrate blind sight have most likely suffered damage to their : a. Cornea b. Lens c. Cochlea d. Optic nerve e. Visual cortex 140. Color constancy refers to the fact that: a. Light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lightening b. Objects are perceived to be the same color even if they reflect changes c. The perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness d. The frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light’s wavelength 141. a. b. c. d. The senses of touch includes the four basic sensations of : Pleasure, pain, warmth, and cold Pain, pressure, hot, and cold Wetness, pain, hot, and cold Pressure, pain, warmth, and cold 142. a. b. c. d. e. Which of the following senses is best described as a chemical sense? Touch Kinesthesis Audition Vision Smell 143. a. b. c. d. The olfactory cortex is located within the : Frontal lobes Parietal lobes Occipital lobes Temporal lobes 144. a. b. c. d. e. The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to : Hearing Kinesthesis The vestibular sense Parallel processing Accommodation 145. a. b. c. d. The perception of an object as distinct from its environment is called: Perceptual set Perceptual constancy Figure- ground perception Interposition 146. The perceived size of an object is mostly strongly influenced by that object’s perceived: a. Shape b. Color c. Distance d. Motion 147. The rhythmic burst of activity that occurs during stage 2 sleep are called: a. Alpha waves b. Paradoxical sleep c. Sleep spindles d. Delta waves 148. REM sleep is ………………. By alcohol and …………………… by sleeping pills. a. Inhibited; inhibited b. Facilitated; inhibited c. Inhibited; facilitated d. Facilitated; facilitated 149. Which of the following disorder is characterized by temporary cessation of breathing while asleep? a. Narcolepsy b. Sleep apnea c. Night terror d. Insomnia 150. The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by: a. Watson b. Skinner c. Bandura d. Pavlov e. Wundt 151. Storage is to encoding as ……………………… is to ……………………………………….. a. Recognition; recall b. Imagery; mnemonics c. Rehearsal; retrieval d. Retention; acquisition e. Priming; relearning