Classification of Tissues Exercise 5 Answers

Classification of Tissu Tissue Structure and Function: General Review 1. Define tissue: any group of cells that are similar in nature and structure 2. Use the key choices to identify the major tissue types described below. Key: connective epithelium muscular nervous epithelium 1. lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface muscular 2. pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat nervous 3. transmits waves of excitation connective 4. anchors and packages body organs epithelial 5. cells may absorb, protect, or form a filtering membrane nervous 6. most involved in regulating body functions quickly muscular 7. major function is to contract connective 8. the most durable tissue type connective 9. abundant nonliving extracellular matrix nervous 10. forms nerves Epithelial Tissue 3. On what bases are epithelial tissues classified? number of layers (via stratified [multiple] or simple (singular]) shape (cuboidal [cube-like), squameous [flat, scale-like), columnar [column-shaped]) 4. How is the function of an epithelium reflected in its arrangement? cells are tightly packed, enabling tissues to functi linings/coverings; simple squamous tissues are arranged to enable quicker diffusion of substances (ex. in lungs). St tissues are arranged in order to protect surfaces subject to friction (ex. dermis [lungs]) 5. Where is ciliated epithelium found? linings of the trachea and upper respiratory tract What role does it play? helps substances move along the cellular surface (secretion) 6. Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium, but there is something special about it. How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia? transitional epithelium is rounded instead o when the tissue isn't stretched. How does this structural difference reflect its function in the body? this enables an organ to alternate between being stretched and not stretched, since cells can slide over each other (ex. urinary bladder) 7. Respond to the following with the key choices. Key: pseudostratified ciliated columnar simple cuboidal stratified squamous simple columnar simple squamous transitional stratified squameous 1. best suited for areas subject to friction pseudostratified cillated columnar 2. propels substances across its surface simple squameous 3. most suited for rapid diffusion simple cuboidal 4. tubules of the kidney pseudostratified ciliated columnar 5. lines much of the respiratory tract transitional 6. stretches simple columnar 7. lines the small and large intestines pseudostratified ciliated columnar 8. lining of the esophagus transitional 9. lining of the bladder simple squameous 10. Alveolar sacs (air sacs) of the lungs Connective Tissue 8. What is the makeup of the matrix in connective tissues? made of nonliving ground substance and fibers that are secr fibroblasts 9. How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure? is specialized for each specific type of tissue (hard mineralized [bones], full of strong fibers in dense fibrous connective tissue [tendons & ligaments), and fluid plasma (blood) 10. Using the key, choose the best response to identify the connective tissues described below. reticular connective tissue. byaline cartilage osseous tissue 1. attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones 2. forms your hip bone fibrocartilage blood 3. composes basement membranes, a soft packaging tissue with a jellylike Key: adipose connective tissue areolar connective tissue dense fibrous connective tissue Dense fibrous connective tissue (ligaments) (tendons) Osseous (bone) tissue Areolar connective tissue Hyaline Cartilage Hyaline Cartilage Osseous (bone) tissue 6. matrix hard: provides levers for muscles to act on Adipose connective tissue 7. insulates against heat loss, provides reserve fuel 8. makes up the intervertebral discs 4. forms the larynx and the costal cartilages of the ribs 5. firm matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth fibrocartilage Muscle Tissue 11. The terms and phrases in the key relate to the muscle tissues. For each of the three muscle tissues, select the terms or that characterize it, and write the corresponding letter of each term on the answer line. Key: a. striated f. voluntary b. branching cells g. involuntary c. spindle-shaped cells h. one nucleus d. cylindrical cells i. many nuclei e. active during birth j. forms heart walls k. attached to bones 1. intercalated dises m. in wall of bladder and stomach n. moves limbs, produces smiles o arranged in sheets Skeletal muscle Striated (a), cylindrical cells (d), voluntary (f), many nuclei (i), attached to bones (k), moves limbs, prodı Cardiac muscle: Striated (a), branching cells (b), involuntary (g), one nucleus (h), forms heart walls (j), intercalated discs Smooth muscle spindle-shaped cells (c), involuntary (g), one nucleus (h), in wall of bladder and stomach (m), arranged Nervous Tissue 12. In what ways are nerve cells similar to other cells? nerve cells, like other cells, contain nuclei and cytoplasm How are they different? neurons have long extensions (cell process [ex. dendrites, axons)) How does the special structure of a neuron relate to its function? long cells processes enable neurons to transmit in! quickly over long distances.