Chapter 5 Test Bank - Energy Balance and Weight Control

Energy Balance, Weight Control, & Eating Disorders Multiple Choice Questions 1. When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy A. is stored as fat in adipose tissue.B. increases the thermic effect of food.C. increases the basal metabolic rate.D. is excreted in the urine. 2. When energy intake is greater than energy output, body weight A. remains the same. B. increases. C. decreases. D. None of these choices are correct. 3. For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for A. physical activity. B. basal metabolism. C. thermic effect of food. D. None of these choices are correct. 4. The body's total daily energy expenditure includes A. basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity. B. basal metabolic rate, height and weight. C. body mass index, food intake and number of hours a person sleeps. D. none of these choices are correct. 5. All the following are true statements about basal metabolism except A. it supports the work that goes on in the body all the time. B. it is the amount of calories you need to sustain life . C. it is the sum total of all involuntary activities necessary to sustain life. D. it accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure. 6. Compared to men, the basal metabolic rate of women is A. lower. B. higher. C. no different. 7. The energy spent in maintaining all involuntary processes in the body at rest, awake, and in a nonabsorptive state is called A. resting metabolism. B. thermogenesis. C. thermic effect. D. basal metabolism. 8. A factor that can decrease BMR is A. consuming a low-energy diet.B. having a high fever.C. long endurance exercise.D. being pregnant. 9. The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is A. your exercise pattern.B. what you had for breakfast.C. your lean body mass.D. environmental temperature. 10. Of the following males, who would have the lowest BMR? A. 6-year-oldB. 16-year-oldC. 46-year-old D. 76-year-old 11. The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ______ of energy consumed each day. A. 5% to 10% B. 11% to 15% C. 16% to 20% D. 50% 12. Consumption of a very-low-calorie diet A. increases BMR by about 10% to 20%. B. decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%. C. has no effect on BMR. 13. To calculate basal energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board, one needs information about the individual's A. age. B. weight. C. height. D. gender. E. All of these choices are accurate. 14. A young man weighs 150 pounds. A rough estimate of his basal metabolic rate would be A. 1469 kcal per day. B. 68 kcal per hour. C. 2500 kcal per day. D. 61 kcal per hour. 150 lbs / 2.2 lbs/kg = 68 kg x 1.0 kcal/kg/hr = 68 kcal/hr 68 kcal/hr x 24 hr/day = 1632 kcal/day 15. The ratio of body weight to height is represented as A. body composition. B. basal metabolic rate. C. bioelectrical impedance. D. body mass index. 16. Hunger can be defined as A. starvation. B. a physiological drive to find and eat food. C. a sensation caused by distension of the stomach and small intestine. D. a psychological drive to eat. 17. Satiety is largely regulated by the A. pituitary gland. B. cerebral cortex. C. hypothalamus. D. liver. 18. Which hormone increases in the blood immediately following consumption of a meal? A. Cholecystokinin B. Ghrelin C. Epinephrine D. Glucagon 19. A man weighs 154 pounds and is 70 inches tall. His BMI is A. 15. B. 20. C. 22. D. 25. (154 lb x 703) / (70 in)2 = 108,262 / 4900 = 22 20. A body mass index of 40 represents A. no health risk.B. possible health risk.C. a high risk for health problems.D. a value that is not on the nomogram. 21. Underwater weighing assesses body composition based on the principle that A. lean body tissue is more dense than adipose tissue. B. adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue. C. adipose tissue is composed of mostly water. D. body fluids are not being weighed using this method. 22. Bioelectrical impedance assesses body composition based on the principle that A. atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body. B. adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue. C. electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue. D. fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium. 23. Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation? A. MRIB. DEXAC. TOBECD. BIA 24. Lee Brown is a 23-year-old college student. Which of these would indicate that he is at risk for chronic diseases associated with obesity? A. BMI of 22 B. BMI of 24 C. 41-inch waist D. 31-inch waist 25. A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that A. causes a person to expend higher-thanaverage energy at rest. B. enables a person to store fat readily. C. enables a person to expend fat readily. D. None of these choices are accurate. 26. The set-point theory proposes that A. body temperature determines how many calories are burned. B. humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat. C. metabolism can be reset at different stages of life. D. None of these choices are accurate. 27. Before recommending treatment for obesity, the health professional should A. assess current health status. B. take a family history of obesity-related disease. C. determine fat distribution in the patient. D. All of these choices are accurate. 28. A healthy weight for an individual should not be based exclusively on weight, but on A. amount of lean body tissue.B. energy intake versus energy expenditure.C. body size of family members.D. total amount of body fat, location of body fat, and presence or absence of weight-related medical problems. 29. The success (attain and maintain reduced weight for 3 to 5 years) of non-surgical weight reduction programs has been reported to be approximately ________ for adults. A. 40%B. 5%C. 25%D. 0% 30. Based on results of long-term studies, people on weight-reduction diets should limit A. high-fat foods.B. breads and rolls.C. potatoes.D. meat. 31. How many calories are in one pound of fat? A. 2500B. 3500C. 4500D. 5500 32. The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of A. weight.B. body fat. C. body water.D. body protein. 33. A daily deficit of 400 to 500 kcal should result in a loss of approximately ________ of body fat per week. A. 0.25 poundB. 1 poundC. 3 poundsD. 4 pounds 34. A weight-reduction program can be considered successful only when the weight loss A. exceeds 10% of starting weight. B. is maintained. C. results in a BMI of below 25. D. All of these choices are correct. 35. A sound program for weight reduction should include A. control of total energy intake. B. increased physical activity. C. modification of food habits. D. All of these choices are correct. 36. An example of an appropriate weight-loss strategy would be a A. food plan that meets the nutritional needs of the patient.B. diet based on readily obtainable foods.C. plan that encourages increased physical activity.D. plan that helps the patient relinquish obesity-promoting beliefs.E. All of these choices are accurate. 37. Physical activity is most likely to lead to successful weight loss if it A. is performed at high intensity. B. is performed regularly.C. leads to significant loss of body water.D. causes muscle soreness. 38. Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view is an example of A. cognitive restructuring.B. chain-breaking.C. self-monitoring.D. stimulus control. 39. Kevin wants to treat himself to a hot fudge sundae whenever he has a stressful day. He decides that a more appropriate response to a stressful day would be a brisk walk. Which of the following behavior modification techniques has he used? A. Cognitive restructuring B. Self-monitoring C. Contingency management D. Stimulus control 40. By keeping a detailed food diary, the individual who is trying to lose weight can discover A. emotions that lead to poor eating habits. B. social influences affecting eating and food choices. C. external cues that lead to overeating. D. All of these choices are accurate. 41. All of the following are useful behavior modification principles for weight control EXCEPT A. eliminating favorite foods from one's diet. B. working out with a friend. C. recording eating behaviors to identify situations that contribute to overeating. D. shopping from a grocery list. 42. The best way to handle a situation in which you "go off" your meal plan for weight loss is to A. go ahead and eat anything you want.B. skip eating tomorrow.C. assume lapses will occur and re-establish the program but feel guilty.D. learn from the experience by identifying triggers so that a repeat can be avoided. 43. Maintenance of weight loss is fostered by A. eating breakfast. B. having a regular exercise plan. C. self-monitoring. D. All of these responses are correct. 44. The highest rate of weight-loss success and maintenance among people with morbid obesity is seen with A. very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs). B. jaw wiring. C. gastroplasty. D. commercial weight-loss programs. 45. The primary intent of gastroplasty is to A. speed transit time. B. limit stomach volume. C. prevent snacking. D. All of these choices are correct. 46. A fad diet for weight loss A. can result in quick weight loss. B. usually fails because habits are not changed. C. may be nutritionally inadequate. D. All of these choices are correct. 47. A weight-loss program is probably a fad diet if it A. recommends expensive nutrient supplements. B. uses testimonials from famous people to promote the diet. C. promotes quick weight loss. D. guarantees weight-loss success for everyone. E. All of these choices are accurate. 48. Eating disorders frequently co-occur with which of the following psychological disorders? A. depression B. substance abuse C. anxiety disorders D. All of these choices are accurate. 49. Anorexia nervosa can be defined as A. compulsive eating.B. purging.C. hyperactivity.D. psychological denial of appetite. 50. A condition of self-induced semi-starvation is called A. bulimia.B. anorexia nervosa.C. kwashiorkor. D. baryophobia. 51. The semi-starvation of anorexia nervosa results in many physiological changes, such as A. decreased basal metabolism. B. lanugo. C. iron-deficiency anemia. D. dry, scaly, cold skin. E. All of these choices are accurate. 52. Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of A. loss of body fat as insulation.B. lack of appropriate clothing as the person tries to show off his/her extreme thinness. C. increased synthesis of the thyroid hormone.D. wearing baggy clothes. 53. Lanugo is A. a substitute for missing adipose tissue. B. an insulator of body organs. C. fine downy hair covering the body. D. cessation of the menstrual cycle. 54. The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves A. isolation from the family and forced tube feeding.B. dietary counseling on an outpatient basis by a registered dietitian.C. inpatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family. D. use of diuretics. 55. Bulimic patients often have a problem with A. recognizing nutritious food choices.B. eating enough food to maintain a healthy body weight.C. obesity.D. an inability to control responses to impulse and desire. 56. The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia A. is age of onset. Bulimia begins in early childhood. B. is gender. Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens. C. is that anorexic patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder. D. is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food. 57. To counteract the binge, the bulimic patient may A. induce vomiting. B. take laxatives. C. overexercise. D. All of these choices are accurate. 58. Repeated self-induced vomiting may cause A. tears in the esophagus. B. stomach ulcers. C. electrolyte imbalances. D. tooth demineralization. E. All of these choices are correct. 59. The major health risk from frequent vomiting due to bulimia nervosa is A. potassium imbalance. B. constipation.C. lanugo.D. swollen glands. 60. Eating disorders not otherwise specified A. are not really an eating disorder but more of a perception of having one. B. occur when a person can't decide whether to become an anorexic or bulimic. C. refers to a broad category that includes symptoms from both anorexia and bulimia. D. None of the answers are correct. True / False Questions 61. Negative energy balance results from an energy deficit and weight loss occurs. TRUE 62. The part of our energy expenditure that we have direct control over is voluntary physical activity. TRUE 63. As cholecystokinin secretion increases, appetite increases. FALSE 64. Chewing contributes to satiety. TRUE 65. Hunger signals change even while we eat. TRUE 66. Stomach distention contributes to satiety. TRUE 67. Metabolism of protein may promote satiety by decreasing the secretion of a hormone called ghrelin. TRUE 68. Being classified as overweight according to BMI does not necessarily equate to excess health risks if a person makes wise food choices and exercises. TRUE 69. Women carry more body fat than men for reproductive purposes. TRUE 70. Weight loss should be the focus of a healthy lifestyle. FALSE 71. Identical twins raised in different environments tend to have different weight gain patterns. FALSE 72. Genes account for up to 20% of weight differences between people. FALSE 73. Environmental factors are important influences on what we eat. TRUE 74. Yo-yo dieters may eventually end up with more fat on their body, even if they end up weighing the same on the scale. TRUE 75. Spot-reducing is a good way to lose weight in one area of the body. FALSE 76. Losing weight is easier than keeping it off. TRUE 77. Eating breakfast is a good strategy for losing weight. TRUE 78. Setting a weight-loss goal of 10 pounds in six weeks is sound and attainable. TRUE 79. Exercise leads to development of more lean tissue, which reduces basal metabolism. FALSE 80. In treating morbid obesity with gastroplasty, the volume of the stomach is reduced to approximately 30 milliliters. TRUE 81. A VLCD may only supply 400 to 800 kcal per day. TRUE 82. Most likely, a weight-reduction program that requires dieters to only eat 20 different foods is a sound diet plan. FALSE 83. Fad diets rarely lead to lasting weight loss or positive changes in eating and exercise habits. TRUE 84. Treating physical and emotional problems early helps prevent eating disorders. TRUE Matching Questions 85. Match the term with its description. 1. Lean tissue All involuntary activity 5 2. Body Mass Index BMI > 30 4 3. Fat tissue Fat cells, adipose tissue 3 4. Obesity A method for evaluating health risk 2 5. Basal metabolism Muscles, liver, kidney, etc. 1 86. Match the term with an example. 1. Contingency management Separating the act of watching a movie with the act of eating buttered popcorn and sliced cheese 2 2. Chain-breaking Taking the route home from work that does not go past a favorite fast food establishment 5 3. Self-monitoring Taking a jog with a friend instead of raiding the refrigerator after a stressful final exam 4 4. Cognitive restructuring Planning to work out with an aerobics DVD if bad weather prevents outdoor exercise 1 5. Stimulus control Keeping a record of diet and activity habits to identify patterns that contribute to obesity 3 True / False Questions 100. Ghrelin is a protein that increases appetite TRUE Multiple Choice Questions 101. Which of the following represents a BMI range considered to be healthy for most adult men and women A. 10-14 B. 15-18 C. 19-24 D. 25-30 102. The thermic effect of food represents: A. the BMR minus the energy used in physical activity B. the decrease in food energy due to cooking C. the increase in energy expenditure associated with the body's digestion of food D. the body's storage of food as fat for insulation