Chapter : 22-23. Constructing Motivational Appeals

FUNDAMENTALS OF SPEECHE COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENT-(CMST101) -Lecture Notes (2020) -Chapter : 22-23 -PRACTICALLY SPEAKING : 22.1 Constructing Motivational Appeals Select any combination of specific "Purposes" and 'Audiences' that follow and develop a motivational appeal based on one or more of the motivational appeals discossed in this unit. After constructing these appeals, share the results of your labors with others, either in small groups or in the ciass as a whole. In your discussion you may wish to consider some or all of the following questions. l. Why did you assume that this (these) oppeal(s) would prove effective with the topic and the audience selected ? 2. Might some of the appeals backfire and stimulate resentment in the audience ? What precautions might be taken by the speaker to prevent such resentment from developing ? 3. What are the ethical implications of using these motivational appeals ? Purposes l. Moriiuona should (not) be made legal lor all those over 18 years at age. 2. Cigarette smoking should [not] be banned in all public places. 3. Capital punishment should (not) be low in all states. 4. Social Security benelits should be increased (decreased) by at least onethtrd. 5. Retirement should (not) bemandatory at age 65 For all government employees. 6. Police personnel should (not) be permitted to strike. 7. National health insurance should (not) be instituted. 8. Domestic partnerships should, (not) be accorded the some rights and privileges as marriages 9. Teachers shOuld (not) be paid according to performance. rather-than (but according to] Seniority, degrees earned, or publications. 10. Divorce should (not) be granted immediately when the parties request it. Audiences 1. Senior citizens at Metropolis 2. Small Business Operators Club at Accord 3. American Society of Young Dentists 4. Vietnam Veterans. 5. los Angeles Society at Interior Designers 6. Society For the Rehabilitation of Ex-Olienders 7. Catholic Women's Council 8. National Council of African American Artists 9. Parent-Teacher Anaciation of New Orleans Elementary Schools. l 0. Midwestern Council of Physical Education instructors 23.1 Short Speech Technique We and deliver a two-minute speech in which you : a. explain why you think a particular person is credible or not credible. b. explain the credibility of a television personality such as Oprah Vtfinirey, Geraldo Rivera, Mantel \Mlliams Sally Jesse Raphael, Jerry Springer, Ricki Lake, Regis Philbin, Cathy Lee Gilford. c. explain why you think a particular person would be a great spokesperson ior a particular product-consider playing the role of the advertising executive trying to convince your client to hire your choice For product spokesperson. d. explain how credibility operates in (l) dating and meeting your partner's family, (2) teaching, {3) interviewing for job, or (4) sales. e. introduce yourself to your audience ; tell them about yourself ahd especially about your credibility-develop this speech so that it would be appropriate for someone else to give in introducing you. 23.2 Comparing Credibility Credibility judgments are made both absolutely and comparatively. Thus, for example, you may judge the credibility of a witness at a trial or a newspaper reviewer or a local religious leader on the basis at some absolute standords you may have. Even in making this absolute judgment, though, you're probably also comparing this person with others who are similar and are probably politioning this person somewhere on a scale along with these others. Similarly, you may make a comparison credibility judgment of the three candidates runing for Mayor and vote For the one to whom you attribute the highest credibility. So, your judgment lar Senator Smith isrnade not just absolutely but also in comparison with the others in the race. This exercise emphasizes this concept of comparative credibility judgments and asks you to rank order the lollowing people, roles, and institutions: Use 3 lor the highest credibility and l lor the lowest. l.Talk show host on cultural differences. __ Oprah Winfrey I __ Jerry Springer __ Sally Jesse Raphael ' 2. Talk show hosts on the mole reluctance to express himself. __ Montel Williams __ Cathy lee Gifford l __ Geraldo Rivera 3. Financial news periodicals. __ Money magazine __ The Wall Street Journal __ Barron's 4. Newscasters. __ San Donaldson ____ Dan Rather __ Connie Chung 5. US politicians on the role of the politiciain in today's world. __ Bill Clinton, __ Newt Gingrich. __ Jesse Jackson 6. Speaker on leading a happy life. ..... Professor __ Physician __ Lawyer. 7. Institutions on community service. __ Bank _______ Insurance company ................ hospital corporation l 8. Authors of exercise books on the proper way to exercise. _______ Richard Simmons j __ Jane Fonda ; _____Arnald Schwarzenegger 9. Sources of accrurate and up to date information on film and television. _____ I'Entertainnlent Tonight ............The National Enquirer ............People Magazine l0.Schotar on the meaning of life. __ philosophé __ Minister/ priest/ rabbi __ Scientist After completing these ratings, consider, for gnome ple : (1) What reasons did you use in constructing your rankings ? What qualities of credibility did you consider in your ranking ? (2) Do any of your rankings illustrate the notion that credibility depends on the subject matter ? (3) Are there certain qualities that make you believe someone regardless of the subject matter? (4) Which of the three major characteristics of credibility (competence, character, charisma) would you consider the most and the least important for: (a) a family physician, (bja college professor, (C) a divorce lawyer, (d) a romantic-lite" partner, (e) a best friend? (5) Are any of your credibility judgments gender-related? That is, do you attribute higher credibility to women on some issues and to men on others ? Are any of your credibility judgments clitturerelated ? That is, might you attribute high or low credibility ratings to people or products or institutions because of their culture? Extremely high credibility ; gender is highly relevant. Men I............................... 2............................. 3............................. Women 1...................... 2..................... 3..................... Gender doesn't contribute to credibility. Men I_________ 2.................... 3.________ Women 1....................... 2..................... 3.................... Extremely low credibility ; gender is highly relevant Men 1........................... 2.......................... 3........................ Women 1........................... 2.......................... 3........................ Why did certain topics seem more appmpriately positioned in one place rather than another ? What evidence did you use for classitying some topics as giving men greater credibility and others as giving women greater credibility ? What specific advice would you give a speaker who is talking on a topic for which the audience is likely to see members at his or her gender as having little credibility?