Oesophagus Anatomy

OESOPHAGUSDEFINATIONOesophagus is a muscular canal which extendsfrom pharynx to Stomach and contains of 3 paids- Cervical, thoracic and abdominal. It is the narrowest part ofdigestive tube except vermiform appendix.DIPANKAA RAYCOURSEHUMAN. FOR ANATOMY EXAM,1Oerophagus begins in the reck as a continuation of pharynx atlower border of criosid cartilage . opposite Cr.2 It passes downwards in front of vertebral column and runsthrough the superior and patterior mediastinum of thorax.(3) In superior mediastinum, Oesophagus lies behind the tracheand arch of aorta.(4) In posterior mediastinum it lies at 1st in front andto Right side of descending aata.5It then crosses downwards and to the left in frontof the descending aorta opposite Ts or Tg.(6) Pierces the diaphragm opposite T10.(7) Finally it ends at the cardiac orifice of Stomachopposite T11 (About 2.5cm to the left of Median plane). OESUPHAGUSCURVATURESIt presents curvatures in antero posterior and lateral planes.ANTERO - POSTERIORIMMANCAR RAYLATERALCURVESCURVESThese correspond to the cervicaland thorao'c curratures ofOesophagus deviates twice on theLeft side and remains in medianvertebral Column.HUMAN ANATOMY FOR EXAMplane in the following areas:(a) At the commencement opposite s.(b) Opposite -T5-T7.CONSTRICTIONOesophagus presents 4 Constrictions from above downwards -1st2nd3rd4th(A) Aties(A) Where it is(A) where it is(A) At the oerophagealCommencement.crossed by the archof aorta.Crossed by Leftbronchus.opening of diaphragmB Opposite C6(B) Opposite T10B Opposite T4(B) Opposite T6CAbout 6 inches(C) About I nctres(e) About 11 inches(e) About 15/16from incisorfrom incisor teem.from incisor teethinclues from theteeth.incisor teeth(D) Produced byContraction ofCricopharygeus partof inferiorconstriction muscleof pharynx. IN FRONTBEHINDEACH SIDETrachea.Cervical VertebraeBoth Recurrentlongus coli musdeCommon Carotid Arterylaryngeal Nervesgland.Lateral lobe of Thyroidlodge in thePre-ventebral fascia.Thoracic duct on lefttracheo -oesophagealOESOPHAGUSgroove.side onlyRELATIONSBOVEDOWNWARDSDIPANKAR RAYBEHINDThoracic vertebrae and interventebral1> Trachea2) Arch of Aorta3) Left Principal bronchusPARTYligamentdiscs, covered by anterior longitudinal4) Fibrous pericardium which2 Right Posterior Intercostal Arteries.Separates the Oerophagus from oblique(3) Azygous rein and Termination ofpericardial sinus and left atriumHemi azygers vein.5) Posterior slopping surface of Diaphragm.Thoracic Duct. Both theracic ductLEFT SIDEHUMAN ANATOMYand from azygous vein are separatedFOR EXAMSUPERIOR MEDIASTINUMof right pleural sac.Oesophagus by a receisPOST MEDIASTINM1) Arch of Aorta1) Descending Aorta5) Descending thoracic Aorta2) Left Subclavian Artery3) Left Recurrent Nerve2) Left lung andCopposite T8 & Tg).pleura.RIGHT SIDE4) Thoracic duct5) Left lung and Pleura(1) Rt lung and Pleura,2)Arch of Azyous Vein.IN FRONTBEHIND(1) Left lobe of liver(2) Posterior vagal trunk (2) Lt Infrice Phrenie(2) Anterior Vagal Trunk(3) Left crus of Diaphragm connected by Art.gastrophenic ligament. OESOPHAGUSARTERIAL SUPPLYnumber Arteries such supplying as- the Oesophajus are 4 in1Oesophageal branch of Inferior thyroid- upper part. DIPANNAR RAY2Oesophageal branches of descending thoracic aorta and thebronchial arteries-4Desophageal branch of Left gastric inferior phrenic A- - AbdominalOesophageal branch of Left3partThese branches anastomose in longitudinal direction.VENOUS DRAINAGECervical Part - Upper part of external venous plexus is drained by theinferior thyroid vein.Thoracic PartMiddle part by Azygous and Hemiazygous Veins.Abdominal PartLower part is drained by partly Left gastric veinof portal system and partly drains into inferiorDIPARIDAR RAYhemizygous Vein of earal system.LYMPHATIC SYSTEMHumanCERNCAL PARTInto jugulo-omohydid lymph nodes.THORACIC PART-Into paratractreal, tracheobranchial and posteriormediastinal lymph nodes.ABDOMINAL PARTInto coeliac group of pre-aortic lymph nodes.NERVE SUPPLYSYMPATHETICfrom T5-Tq Segments of spinal card and the fibres formOesophageal plexusPARASYMPATRIETTEFrom both bagus and recurrent bryngeal Nerves.