Typical Thoracic Vertebrae - Structure & Attachment

TYPICAL THORACIC VERTEBRAECHARACTERISTIC FEATURES(1) BODYHeart shaped, particularly in the midthcracic regionwhen viewed from above. Its transverse and anteroposteriormeasurements are almost equal.12 ) VERTEBRAL FORAMENNarrow and Circular.DIPANNOR RAY3SPINOUS PROCESSLong and directed downwards and backwardswith varying degree of obliquity.(4) PEDICLEAttached the to the upper part of the body, thusHumanAnamon(5) TRNSVERSE PROCESSmaking inferior venebral notch deeper.the tubercle costal hear its tip anteriorly for articulationfacet Directed posterolatorally and has an articularstam(6) DEMIFACETSwith Presence of the numerically corresponding ribon the of superior and inferior demifacetswith the sides heads of each vertebral body articulatesof ribs.Spines are long of the and middle vertical and but thoracic those above vertebrae and (T5-T6, below Ty & T8)progressively more horizontal.are TYPICAL THORACIC VERTEBRAETheracic vertebrae contains 2 parts. - (1) Body(2) Vertebral Arch.The body and vertebral anch enclose a vertebral faramen,Comparatively small and circular, in which lies the spinal cordsurroundied by its meninges.BODYDIPANKAR RAYOn two costal demifacets.each side, it bears measurements from side to side and antero-posttriarly.It the is same heart shaped , when viewed from above.. RoughtlySuperior of the costal demifacet is langer and placed on the borderthe body near the pedicle. It articulates with the upper head ofInferior numerically corresponding rib.with in front of the inferior vertebral notch. It articulates lowerborder costal demifacet is smaller and placed on thethe next lower rib.the Anterior anterior and posterior surfaces of body provide attachmentThese and posterior longitudinal ligaments, respectively. toborders ligaments are attached to both the upper and lowerof the body.Posterior surface of body is marked by vascular foramina forbasivertebral veins which are covered by the posteriorlongitudinal ligament.Human Anatomy For Exam. TYPICAL THORACIC VERTEBRAEVERTEBRAL ARCHConsists of the following parts -THE PEDICLESThey are (Rt and Lt) short rounded bony bars,which project backwards and laterally fromthe posterior aspect of the body.They - are attached nearer the superior border of body, as a resultSuperior vertebral notch is shallow.Inferior vertebral notch is deep.DIPANIAAR RAYThe deep inferior vertebral notch together with smallnerve leaves foramen, through which spinalthe Superior intervenebral vertebral notch of next lower vertebra. completesthe vertebral Canal.THE LAMINAE (R+&Lt)HumanAnarmy For Exam.The Each pedicle continues posteromedially as a vertical plate of bone.posterior midlinelaminae of two sides join with each other in the1They above are downwards. short, broad and thick : and overlap each other fromTheir margins give attachment to the ligamenta flava 1 *The laminae overlap each other from aboveSUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCE SSSuperior the articular processes project upwards from the junction ofpedicles and laminae.The This articular direction facets are flat and are directed backwards and laterallyFacets (Superior articular facets) articulate with thepermits rotatory movements of the spine. (Slightly2Inferior articular facets of the next higher vertebraexThe upper borders and lower parts of the anterior surfacesof the laminae provide attachment to the ligmenta flava( Write this 2-02 instead of 1 - TYPICAL THORACIC VERTEBRAEINFERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESSInferior articular processes are fused to the laminaeTheir articular facets (Inferior articular facers ) aredirected and are forwards flats. and little downwards and mediallyInferior articular facets articulare with the Superiorarticular facet of the next lower vertebrae.TRANSVERSE PROCESSDIPAMRAR RAYTransverse backwards processes from are large. and are directed laterally andThe the junction of the pedicles and laminae.its anterior for surface of each process bears a facet nearcorresponding rib.tip, certiculation with the tubercle of theTransverse process gives attachment tos-Human AnarymyFor Exam.(a) The lateral costotransverse ligament at the tip.(b) The Superior Cestotransverse ligarment along the lower border(C) The inferior costotransvorse ligament along anterior surface.(d) The and lower intertransverse ligaments and muscles to upperborders.(e) Thelevator costae on the posterior surface. THORACIC VERTEBRAETHE SPINEThe Spine is long, and is directed downwards and backwards.Spinous processes of middle 4 verlebrae (from 5th to 9th)are very long, vertical and overlap each otherSpinous processes of upper 4 and lower 4 vertebraerelatively short and less oblique in direction DIPANKAR are RAYThey Spines also give attachment to the Supraspinatous and Infraspinatus ligmners- TRAPEZIUS, give attachment RHOMBOIDS, to LATTISIMUS several muscles includingand SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR, SERRATUS DURSI, POST. INFERIORmany deep muscles of the back. HOW VERTEBRAE ARE CONNECTED TOGETHER(1) VERTEBRAL BODIES :- are connected together by:Human(A) The Intervertebral discs :- ( Partilagenous Joints)AnaromyFar(B) The Ant. longitudinal ligament:- - Connecting the anterior Fram.surface of the vertebralbodies.(c) The Past. longitudinal ligament:- Connecting the posterior surfaceof the vertebral bodies.(2) LAMINAE: Are connected together by ligamenta flava(3) TRANSVERSE PROCESS:- Are connected by Intertransverseligaments(4) THE SPINE :- Are connected by:- -DIPANAGRAPHY(B) Supraspinous ligament - Connecting the tips of spines(A) Interspinous ligaments - Connecting the adjoining Spines.(from e7 to Sacrum](5) ARTICULAR PROCESSES of adjoining vertebrae are connectedby the fibrous capsule of theIntervenebral Joints.