Chapter 9: Principles of Infections Disease

CH9 Ponapes of Infectious Disease emerging disease came out of nombero and the cases are on the rise και reemerging disease fully extinct there is another outbreak later on of Portumstic vs the pathogens Sporadio, endemic → more senous than sporadio ble it means you can get it year round specific porelation or speafic remon (valley feref) endemic widespread disease, you have I in incidence of disease in a short renad of time Still confined to particular reason of the world pandemic Widespread disease in numerous countries all over the world commensal commensalim All of our normal fiora is considered commensal (ble they don't harm us) but these fup and cause disease. -zoonotic diseases: disease that can be spread trom animals humans these disceses are usually suf-limiting, buy sometimes they can become very Senous - Wnises aeguse genetic changes that allow them to infeet humans. hon communicable discase us commemcable disease ((AKA self-limiting) do spread from human to human spread to human to kuman. -Signs symptoms Things can be both. -koch's postulates tod monk for every organion blo some diseases do or do well outside ot a host dont gow well immedia you have obligate intracellular Microbes ex: (chlamydia, Rickettsta) -rejemoir is a miunbes home (can be animate or manimate) (ex anthax soil) -source where new infectionscare coming from. *Knorr deti nitions of the powerpoint t Source can be endogenous or exosxnous Insade external source (opportunistic pathogens) -Direct contact transm188700 Indirect contact trasmission airborne person-person animal vehicle-anyinarimate obj Envinment vertical thasnsfer from nom baby (Pregnancy-wpen) vector (biological ticks/mosanutos) its life them Vector (mechamcal) Flies, routents, and cook roaches 145 in the fly; it was rust picked (delivery-toanscemcal) (Breastfeeding-postpartum Toxalasma gondi OTHER AGENTS (SYPHILIS) RUBELLA CYTOMEGALY VIRUS (Hermes vns 5) Herpes vivos (2) -promet/allborne: broplets are bloger thanarborne. Infectivity how good an infections agent is at establishing an infection. pathogenicity, general ability of an infections agent to cause disense -virulence-desunbes seventy of disease (ferers, how sick?, in bed all day?) Incubation period brodromal these.... Malauire (start to experience 5/5) feel like something's mong acute phase-present t severe sis Pernod of decline-5-turting to kill of most of mi umbes convalescent thase got rid of most miroles, getting rid of a few left- Intection: macrobe is in you disease, you are being affated by the miurbe. Incubation beneds differ from microbe microbe could be his years -asymptomatic case Subclinical case bosis -targeted age for mono is 18-25 -Chronic camets orn be asymptomete cannes if infection was never fully cleared. -2 general goals of eridemiology to know what's going on and how to preveet The epidermo logical trangle all 3 factors are just as important -many pathogens have a narrow tropig butt it can charge over time (dit mutations that allow them to jurap species and nuse disense). -Quarantine is only a short-term stratear that we can use tate har many infections occur in a per of time how many new cases? How many pplaredving? "How many Flation -proportion out of everyone. population-defined group of linked people everyone in ama, in Inland empire morladity How many are sick? Prevalance-overall proromon la a populahor out of everyone in the population will end up the disease prevelance doesn't stay the same ble some people die/some gel better incidence measured over a bes of time lusually a year put can be more) How many ow casesfor 2023? # of new cases turation How long does the infection test? krow definition of ratio, -Incidence rose vs Prevelance rate -measures of association Same age range, same ouupation. etc? alert population so they can grond certain risk factors correlation does beaual causation. Descriptive studies -Dsually what we start I when we have a disease thats brand TRAN (want to know general features of thed isease/s/s tore we know about pathophysiology analytical, em ex idemes loors study details of the disease. Whol where when test hypothesis tran Iran experiments most HMS are ESKAPE pathogens Blot of the reservoirs are bats -only smallpox has been able to be eradicated we are close to eradiente gured wom (dralunaliasis)