University:
Sam Houston State University
Course:
BIOL 1406 | General Biology I
Academic year:

2023
Views:

247

Pages:

12
Author:

5CelestialChronicle

Reproduction and Genetics Chromosomes and Genetics  Chromosomes and Gentics PP 2 Chromosomes and Genetics  What do I know about chromosomes?  What do I think I know about chromosomes?  What don’t I know about chromosomes? 3 Objectives  1. Identify the anatomy of chromosomes. 2. Understand how chromosomes determine gender.  3. Identify chromosome structure and identify chromosome mutations. 4 I. Chromosome Terminology  A) Self – Replicating genetic structure of cells containing DNA that bears genes  B) Chromatids 2 exact copies of DNA that makes up a chromosome  C) Centromere – Place where chromatids are attached to form a chromosome 5 I. Chromosome Terminology  D) Homologous Chromosome Chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content  E) Genes – 1. Fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity – 2. Found on chromosomes  F) Gametes – 1. Organisms reproductive cells (sperm/egg)  G) Somatic cells – 1. All cells besides sex cells 6 I. Chromosome Terminology  H) Diploid – A cell that contains two sets of like chromosomes  I) Haploid – A cell that contains one set of like chromosomes  J) Zygote – A fertilized ovum 7 E - Moment Hieroglyphic Moment II. Gender  A) Autosomes – 1. Chromosomes that are not involved in determining the gender of an individual  B) Sex Chromosomes – 1. One pair of chromosomes that determine gender  A. X chromosome = FM = XX  B. Y chromosome = M = XY 9 III. Number of Chromosomes       Humans = 46 Cattle = 60 Sheep = 54 Swine = 38 Horses = 64 Corn = 20  2 chromosomes are sex chromosomes  1/2 of the total # of chromosomes is contributed by the male and 1/2 by the female 10 V. Chromosome Structure  Down load or scan picture 11 VI: Chromosome Mutations  A) change in an organisms chromosome structure – 1. Deletion  A. piece of a chromosome breaks off (often fatal) – 2. Duplication  A. fragment of a chromosome attaches to its homologue – 3. Inversion  Fragment reattaches to its chrom. ???? Is placed their backwards 12