3.3 Short Answer Questions 1) In a(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst. Answer: hypotonic Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 2) The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions. Answer: wall Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 3) A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution. Answer: lower Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.17 4) A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane. Answer: symport Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 17 5) The "run" in bacterial motility is the result of (clockwise/counterclockwise/whiplike) rotation of the flagella. Answer: counterclockwise Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.5 6) The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid). Answer: inclusions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria Learning Outcome: 3.19 7) Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (pinocytosis/phagocytosis/exocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment. Answer: pinocytosis Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.32 8) Fragments of (LPS/NAM/NAG) released from Gram-negative bacteria into the bloodstream produce fever and shock. Answer: LPS Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cell Walls Learning Outcome: 3.12 9) The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the site of (protein/lipid/carbohydrate) synthesis. Answer: lipid Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.42 10) Fibrous structures with three "arms" some archaea use for attachment to surfaces are (fimbriae/hami/pili). Answer: hami Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: External Structure of Archaea Learning Outcome: 3.26 18 11) A (capsule/slime layer/matrix) is a type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached to the cell. Answer: capsule Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.4 12) The cell walls of eukaryotes are typically composed of (carbohydrates/peptidoglycan/glycoproteins). Answer: carbohydrates Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.31 13) The semiliquid matrix of the nucleus is called the (cytoplasm/nucleoid/nucleoplasm). Answer: nucleoplasm Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.42 14) A structural molecule found in eukaryotic cytoskeletons, flagella, cilia, and centrioles is (flagellin/tubulin/fibrin). Answer: tubulin Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.41 19 15) The process illustrated in Figure 3.6 occurs in (eukaryotic/bacterial/archaeal) cells. Answer: bacterial Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 20