Lecture 10: Storage & Retrieval i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. Information Processing Model a. Sensory memory i. Main process-pattern recognition 1. Icons and echoes ii. Capacity- large but not unlimited iii. Duration of sensory codes- very brief iv. Temporal characteristics 1. Delay 2. The longer the delay the greater the memory loss 3. Duration of sensory memory differs for different senses Selective Attention a. Attention processes act like a funnel i. More energy to processing what’s important ii. Funneling out what isn’t Short-Term (Working) Memory a. Encoding- visual/auditory i. Visual sketchpad & phonological loop b. Capacity- “magical” number 7 i. Expand via chunking c. Duration- 12 to 30 seconds i. Maintenance rehearsal Long-Term Memory a. Essentially an unlimited capacity store b. Estimates on capacity range from 1000 billion to 1,000,000 billion bits of information c. Types of long term information i. Procedural (implicit) ii. Declarative (explicit) 1. Semantic 2. Episodic Retrieval: Getting Information Out a. Recall- retrieve information learned earlier b. Recognition- identify items previously learned i. Multiple choice test c. Relearning- memory measure that examines time saved when learning material again Retrieval cues a. Memories are held in storage by a web of associations b. These associations are like anchors that help retrieve memory Encoding specificity a. Memory best when conditions at encoding match conditions at retrieval State dependent memory a. Pharmacological state b. 10 oz 80 proof vodka c. Sober or intoxicated at study ix. x. xi. d. Sober or intoxicated at test Mood dependent Memory a. Mood inducement i. Play happy or sad music ii. Think happy or sad thoughts Mood congruent memory a. A given mood tends to cue memories that are consistent with that mood i. If you are depressed, you’ll tend to recall depressing things ii. If you are happy, you’ll tend to recall happy things b. Emotions and moods serve as retrieval cues Infant memory a. Infantile amnesia b. Earliest age of conscious memory is around 3 and a half years c. Related to our development of “self”