University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Biology 2290F | Scientific Method in Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

44

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

● Reflex epilepsy ○ Seizure triggered by visual stimuli ○ Flashing light ○ Contrasting patterns ○ Certain visual pattern ● Epidemiology ○ 3-5% of people affected ○ Common in children, adolescents (age 7-19) ○ More in female ○ Affect decreases as ages ■ Outgrow in early adulthood 1. Normal neuron Function a. Transmitting i. Sends signals through neurotransmitters (dopamines) b. Receptors i. Postsynaptic neurons receives signals c. ROS = byproduct of metabolism 2. Normal movement + brain activity a. Receives integrate signals for movement b. Balanced excitation c. Electrical signal fades - dysregulated i. Too weak and chaotic 3. 4. 5. ● ● ii. Normal function is disrupted Convulsive Readiness a. Excessive synchronization of neurons b. Overwhelming of inhibitory system c. Seizure happens once education > inhibition Push-Pull control a. Push = Neural network activates b. Desynchronization =inhibition mechanism . Brakes excessive activity Absence seizure a. Neurons =thalamocortical loop activates abnormally b. Abnormal electrical signals = brief loss in consciousness in 3-4 Hz spike EEG pattern c. Absence seizure will have short bust of abnormal activity Pathophysiology ○ Hyperciabiliy in visual cortex ■ Abnormal neuronal synchronization ■ Sensitive to specific frequencies ● Between 15-20Hz ● Can range form 3-60 Hz ● High contrast patterns ○ Stripes ○ Checkerboards Medication ○ First line treatment ■ Sodium valproate ■ Tends to be the most effective ○ Secondary alternatives ■ Levetiracetam ■ Lamotrigine ■ Ethosuximide - absence in seizure ● Ca2+ current ● reducing ng low threshold current ● T-type current provides pacemakers ● Prognosis ○ 50-70% reduced sensitivity with age ○ Outgrow seizure ○ Poor prognosis may happen ■ Seizure is persisted into adulthood ■ Drug resistance