University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Biology 2290F | Scientific Method in Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

91

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

● Mutation vs DNA damage ○ Mutation ■ Change in double strand DNA sequence ■ Variation = mutation ■ Does not mean DNA damage ● Substitution ● Indel ● Inversion ■ DNA Damage ● Change in DNA which is not double stranded ○ Basepair mismatch ● SNP ○ Single nucleotide change in pairs ○ Common genetic variation ■ Predict individual response to drug test ■ Susceptibility ■ Risk development for disease ● Indel ○ Insertion due to backward slippage ○ Slippage occurs in the synthesis strands ○ Indel could also happen by forward slippage ■ Slippage could be seen in template strand Role of Tautomeric shift in mutagenesis ● Tautomeric shifts are spontaneous ● Do not result in mismatch ○ Shift in preferential base pairing ● Thymine and guanine are in KETO form ○ Shift to ENOL ● Adenine and cytosine are in AMINO but can shift to IMINO ● Unstable base analog ○ Interesting unstable analogues in correct nucleotide ○ More prone to tautomerization ○ 5BU is normal in KETO = will pair with A ○ 5BU is not normal in ENOL ■ Pair with G instead Transition vs Transversion Mutation ● Transition ○ Purine-Purine ○ Pyrimidine-Pyrimidine ● Transversion ○ Pyrimidine - Purine ○ Purine- Pyrimidine Transposable elements ● Biological mutagens ● Regions of DNA that could be moved around ● Jumps around genes ● Consist of Transposases ○ Enzyme is able to cut and copy then insert it into normal genes ● TE is why the genome gets larger without actual information in it