Damaged Macules - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Biology 2290F | Scientific Method in Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

16

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Damaged Macules ● Macules ○ flat , circumscribed area with altered skin collar ○ Larger than 1cm ○ Non-palpable ○ Themselves does not have surface change ■ Damage only implies to secondary alteration ● Underlying in epidermis or dermis ● General pathophysiology ○ Epidermal injury ■ loss , increase in melanin contents ■ Keratinocyte damage ● These could be done by sunburn, or other irritants ■ Post-inflammatory changes of eczema, acne, and infections ■ Subtle atrophy once chronic inflammation persists ○ Dermal injury ■ Vascular leakage ⇒ purpura ■ Fibrosis ⇒ atrophic macules ■ Pigment incontinence ⇒ vitiligo-like patterns ○ Immune - mediated ■ Interface dermatitis will destroy basal keratinocytes ● Will alter depigmentation ● Could also lead to hyperpigmented macules ■ Autoimmune melanocyte loss ● Leads to vitiligo - like patterns ● Morphological types ○ Hypopigmented or Depigmentation ■ Melanocyte destruction will decrease melanin synthesis/post-inflammatory hypopigmentations ● ex) ○ Post inflammatory hypopigmentations ■ After dermatitis, burns and infection ○ Vitiligo ■ Complete depigmentations ○ Tinea versicolor ■ Fungal inhibitions ○ Leprosy lesions ■ Sensory loss ■ Hypogigmented macules ○ Borders could be both well or poorly defined ○ No scale ■ Unless primary disease persisted ○ Wood lamp could be accentuate Damaged Macule Papule Patch Elevation None (flat) Raised None (flat) Size < 1 cm < 1 cm > 1 cm Damage indicator Color change, vascular leakage, pigment alteration Texture change Large area of pigment change ● Hyperpigmented Macules ○ Increased melatonin production ○ Melanocyte proliferation ○ Dermal melanin leakage ■ ex) ● Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentations after scene, eczema, or trauma ● Melasma ● Solar lentigo ● Age spots ● Drug induced hyperpigmented macules ○ Mincocycline, aminodarone ○ follow s inflammatory events ○ Could be darker if the patients has Fitzpatrick skin type IV-VI’ ○ Dermal pigment will be seen as gray-brown

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