Skeleton Lecture Note | The University Of Western Ontario - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Biology 2290F | Scientific Method in Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

347

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Skeleton ● Endoskeleton consists on bone and cartilages ● Formation of supporting framework of the body ○ Mechanical support ○ Protection of organs from physical stress ○ Movement ■ Lever used for muscles ○ Hematopoiesis ○ Mineral storages ■ Ca2+ ■ PO43○ Endocrine functions ■ Osteocalcins ● Bones are living,rigid,mineralized connective tissues Type Features Examples Long bones Shaft + ends Femur, humerus Short bones Cuboidal Carpals, tarsals Flat bones Protective Skull vault, ribs Irregular bones Complex shape Vertebrae Sesamoid bones In tendons Patella Pneumatic bones Air-filled Frontal, maxilla Based on Developments ● Membrane bones ● Cartilage bones Long bone structures ● Diaphysis ○ Shaft, thick compact bones ● Metaphysis ○ Growthplate regions ● Epiphysis ○ Ends, Calendulous bones ● Articular cartilages ○ Hyaline cartridges ● Medullary cavity ○ Bone marrows Coverings ● Periosteums ○ Outer fibrosis ○ Inner osteogenic layers ● Endosteums ○ Lining medullary cavities Blood supply on bones ● Nutrient artery ○ Arises from nearby major systemic artery ■ Femur ⇒ profunda femoris ● ● ● ● ■ Humerus ⇒ brachial artery Enters bone through nutrient foramen ⇒ passes obliquely on cortex ⇒ reaches medullary cavity ⇒ Dividends in Ascending branch ⇒ descending branch supplies … ○ Diaphysis ○ Bone marrow ○ Inner ⅔ of cortex Child = dominant supply Adult = still major but is supplemented Clinical significant ● Damage = avascular necrosis ● Crucial in ○ Shaft fractures ○ Intramedullary nailing ■ Delayed union once disrupted

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