Incretin System | Lecture Note - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Biology 2290F | Scientific Method in Biology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

434

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Incretin system ● GLP-1/GIP ○ GLP-1 ■ Glucagon like peptide -1 ○ GIP ■ Glucose dependent insulinotropic peptides ● Intecirn ○ Gut derived hormones that are used for enhancing insulin secretion ○ Response to oral nutrition intakes ● Oral glucose stimulation will have more insulin released compared to IV glucose on same plasma glucose levels ○ Incretin effects Sites of Secretions ● GLP-1 ○ Secretion through L-cells ■ Distal ileum and colon ● GIP ○ Secretion through K-cells ○ Duodenum and jejunum ● Triggered through… ○ Glucose ○ Fatty acids ○ Amino acids Mechanism in actions 1. Increased binding of G-proteins coupled receptors (Gs) which is on B-cells 2. Increase in cAMP 3. Activation of PKA and EPAC 4. Enhancing Ca2+ dependant insulin exocytosis Glucose dependant actions ● Incretin does not stimulate insulin once glucose level is low ● Protection against the hypoglycemia GLP-1 effects ● Typically beyond insulin ● Pancreas ○ Increase in insulin secretions ○ Decrease in glucagon secretion ■ A-cells ○ Preservation of B-cell mass ■ Decrease in level of apoptosis ● Stomach ○ Decrease in gastric emptying ○ Slower glucose absorptions ● Brains ○ Increase in Satiety ○ Decreased Appetites ● Liver ○ Decrease in hepatic glucose productions ○ This is done by decrease in glucagon and increased insulin levels GIP effects ● Increase in insulin secretion ○ Glucose dependents ● Minor effects on glucagons ● Lesser appetite suppression compared to GLP-1 In type 2 diabetes… ● GIP effect often blunted ● GLP-1 effect relatively preserved Incretin Degradations ● Incretins rapidly degraded into DPP-4 ● Half-life GLP-1 ○ 1~2 min

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