1918 influenza pandemic and inequality ● Indigenous people died at 4X the rate of the rest of the population ● Some remote Northern communities in Canada lost up to 90% of people ○ Related to poor health ○ Poverty ○ Malnourishment ○ Low immunity 1918 Influenza pandemic and inequality ● Little data collected at the time but in general the disease impact was greater in those of low socioeconomic status ○ Correlation of mortality and income by country ○ Correlation of mortality what illiteracy in Chicago ● US miners and factory worker died at higher rates than the general population ● Black Americans more likely to get infected the the first waves than less likely in second wave ○ But still is more likely to die Pandemic effects on inequality can vary Coronavirus epidemics ● Sars ○ Coronavirus ■ ssRNA(+) virus ○ Spread from animals to humans ■ Guangdong province China 2002 ■ Localized spread in Guangdong ○ Spread to locations around the world ■ 2003 Vietnam, Hong Kong,Singapore, Toronto ○ Globally ■ 8422 infected ■ 916 death ○ Canada ■ 438 infected ■ 44 deaths Origin of SARS ● Identified SARS- like virus in civet cats in Guangdong ○ Massive culling of civet cats in Southern Chinese markets ● Houseshoe baes identified as likely virus reservoirs. ○ Closely related to viruses found in bats in Yunnan province. Global Connectivity Portrait of SARS superspreader