Back and Vertebral Column | Lecture Note

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Pathology 3500B | Human Pathology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

396

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Back + Vertebral Column ● Vertebral column = central axis on the body ○ Support on body weights ○ Protection on spinal cords ○ Nerval protections ○ Posture + locomotions ○ Flexibility and movements ● Cervical (7) ○ Most mobile ○ Support on head ❖ Anterior tubercle ➢ Small bump on anterior arches ➢ Longus colli muscle is attached here ❖ Anterior arch ➢ Vertebral body ➢ Articulation of dens of axis (C2) ❖ Articular facet ➢ Smooth surface = inner anterior arch ➢ Atlanto- axial joint formed with dens ❖ Lateral mass ➢ Thickened portion on the side ➢ Supporting weight of skull ❖ Superior articular surface of lateral mass for occipital condyle ➢ Concave surface ➢ Articular surface on lateral mass ● Thoracic (12) ○ Articulation of ribs ● Lumbar (5) ○ Large ○ Weight bearings ○ Large kidney shaped bodies ○ Short ● Sacrum ○ 5 vertebrae are fused to each other ○ bone base of spine ○ segments of pelvic grindles ■ base articulates in coccyx ■ articulation in illium ● sacroiliac joints ■ continuation of vertebral canal (cauda equina is covred) ○ transmission of weight to lower limbs ○ Critical site of caudal epidural anesthesia ● Coccyx ○ 3-5 fused segments ○ small triangular bones ■ tailbones ○ attachments ■ pelvic floor muscles ■ gluteus maximus ○ Coccydynia = pain due to trauma/fall ● Intervertebral disk ○ between vertebral bodies ■ there are no intervertebral discs in C1-C2, Cacrum, and coccyxs ○ Nucleus pulposus ■ gelatinous center (shock absorbance) ○ Annulus fibrosus ■ Concentric fibrocartilaginous rings ○ provides flexibility and absorbing shocks Component Key Features Clinical Importance Nucleus Pulposus Gel-like, high water and proteoglycan content Shock absorption; degenerates with age Annulus Fibrosus Concentric collagen rings; type I (outer), II (inner) Tensile strength; involved in herniation Endplates Hyaline/fibrocartilage; diffusion interface Nutrient supply; key in degeneration Nutrition/Innervation Avascular core; outer AF innervated Limits healing; pain source in disc disease