Classification of Cerebral Palsy

Classification of CEREBRAL PALSY There are 3 parts of the brain that influence body movement and posture. These three parts work together to carry out and control muscle work. OnCerebral Palsydamage to these parts occurs a. Based on impairment marea Which experience 1) Monoplegia: weakness in one extremity 2) Hemiplegia: weakness on one side of the body, upper and lower extremities but the upper extremities are more severe 3) Triplegia: weakness in both lower extremities and one side of the upper extremity 4) Diplegia: weakness in extremities are more severe all four extremities but the lower 5) Quadriplegia: weakness in all four extremities b. Based on clinical and physiological symptoms of movement disorders in cerebral palsy 1) Spastic There are 4 types of spastic CP, namely spastic hemiplegia, spastic paraplegia, spastic diplegia, and spastic quadriplegia. These four types experience damage to the pyramidal tract (motor cortex) which is characterized by stiffness in some or even all of the muscles in the body. 2) Dyskinesia Cp with Dyskinesia experiences impaired control and coordination of movements. Found in athetoid CP, rigid, hypotonia and tremor CP groups 3) Athetoid This damage occurs in the basal ganglion area. This type has typical movements such as stereotypical movements of the hands, feet, eyes, lips and head that occur at any time and are difficult to control (involuntary movements), this type does not cause stiffness in the body, but if movements occur, it is difficult to prevent and can be annoying. his activities 4) Rigid In this type, stiffness occurs in all limbs such as the legs, arms and hyperextension of the neck and back, this is due to bleeding in the brain. 5) Hypotonia There is a decrease in muscle tone and postural tone in this type of cerebral palsy 6) Tremors In this type of cerebral abnormality there is an abnormality located in the substantia nigra. There are rhythmic vibrations in the eyes, hands and head which disrupt their function and occur continuously, such as impaired vision function, impaired concentration and impaired writing activities. 7) Ataxia This type of damage occurs in the cerebellum where sufferers usually experience balance disorders, muscle weakness which causes disturbances in walking patterns as well as coordination between the head and eyes is not in sync, causing the child to have difficulty eating and reaching things. 8) Mixed There are two or more disorders in this type of cerebral disease, for example spastic and rigid, spastic and ataxia, spastic and athetosis, where the disorder depends on the location of the damage to the brain, for example spastic brain damage is located in the pyramidal region, while athesis, rigidity and hypotonia are located in the extrapyramidal region. c. Several levels of severity and the sufferer's ability to carry out normal activities 1) Level I (mild). Where they have the ability to be 100% independent in carrying out their daily activities without assistive devices, without parental assistance and supervision, here children are able to walk quite stably and can go to school as usual 2) level II (moderate) Here the child can walk with or without assistance, but for ambulation the child usually uses a brace, tripod and underarm sticks as assistive devices. Children can still control body weight with their feet/legs. At this level, children are also independent and can go to school as usual 3) Level III help but can can be done Children are (severe) in carrying out daily activities the child needs still go to school, eat and drink, sit, crawland rocking alone but when ambulating the child uses a wheelchair. still active and can socialize with their peers 4) Level IV (very severe). Children 100% need help from cloth people in carrying out their daily activities. Unable to ambulate, and unable to communicate at all. d. Several typesCerebral Palsywhich are included in the pyramidal and extrapyramidal and mixed systems, the main ones include: 1) Pyramidal is included in this typeCerebral Palsyspastic quadriplegia, diplegia in premature babies, and hemiplegia, comorbidities usually with mental retardation and epilepsy 2) Extrapyramidal which includes this type is cerebral dystonic and choreoathetonic. 3) Mixed type, namely typeCerebral Palsyinvolving the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems.