Biologists Anatomy Test Questions

Question 1 Wolff's law is concerned with ________ the diameter of the bone being dependent on the ratio of osteoblasts to osteoclasts the thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it vertical growth of bones being dependent on age the function of bone being dependent on shape Question 2 The bone cells that would be most active in a female with osteoporosis are osteons. osteoclasts. cartilage. osteocytes. Question 3 A deep depression on a bone is termed a sulcus. fossa. fissure facet. Question 4 The superior orbital fissure is formed in the sphenoid bone, whereas the inferior orbital fissue is formed between the sphenoid and ethmoid maxilla lacrimal zygomatic Question 5 Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column often seen in the thoracic region? scoliosis lordosis kyphosis swayback Question 6 Todd is 13 and lives in an urban apartment. He spends most of his time watching TV and eating "junk" food. One afternoon, during recess, he falls on the playground and breaks his leg. Although he appears to be healthy, his leg takes longer to heal than expected. What might be the cause of the longer healing time? Short Answer. 1. Todd's healing process is directly related to his diet. Since he only eats junk food, Todd has an insufficient source of Vitamins A, C, and D. The lack of these vitamins would significantly slow the healing process. Todd is also not very active which would also weaken his bones and slow the healing process. Question 7 The cruciate ligaments of the knee _____ are also called collateral ligaments assist in defining the range of motion of the leg prevent hyperextension of the knee tend to run parallel to one another Question 8 What is the primary source for calcitriol in the body? thyroid gland parathyroid gland kidneys bone Question 9 If your doctor notices a marked decrease in calcium ion levels in your blood, what gland might he suspect is not functioning properly and why? Short Answer. Parathyroid – If you do not have enough than it causes hypocalcemia , osteoclasts take calcium from the bone and puts it in the blood Question 10 A painful deformity of the bones and joint between the foot and the big toe causing the bones of the big toe to angle in toward and over the second toe results in a(n) bunion ulcer spur corn Question 11 A fracture where the shaft of one bone is broken and the adjacent bone is bent is best described as a ________ fracture. displaced greenstick Colles' (wrist fracture) Pott's (ankle fracture) Question 12 When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, puberty begins long bones have reached their adult length. interstitial bone growth begins. interstitial bone growth begins. Question 13 The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to ________ the hands the feet the arms the hands and the feet Question 14 What are menisci? tendon sheaths cavities lined with cartilage small sacs containing synovial fluid semilunar cartilage pads Question 15 The matrix in spongy bone forms struts and plates called ________ Short Answer. Trabeculae Question 16 The dermis ________. lacks sensory corpuscles and glands has two layers (papilarry and reticular) is an avascular connective tissue layer is where melanocytes are found Question 17 Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps? arrector pili levator folliculi arrector integument arrector integument Question 18 Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to _____ provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints produce red blood cells (hemopoiesis) form the synovial membrane attach tendons Question 19 Although uric acid is a normal waste product of nucleic acid metabolism, why are so many men suffering from a condition known as gouty arthritis? How does this product that should be eliminated in the urine cause so much pain when things go wrong? Short Answer. 1. Gout is caused when the blood has an unusually high concentration of uric acid. the uric acid can form hard crystals in the joints. The formation of these crystals can cause burning, stiffening, and swelling in the joint. Question 20 Synarthrotic joints ______ have large joint cavities are cartilaginous joints permit essentially no movement are found at the junction of the epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bone Question 21 Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped? the medial patellar retinacula the extracapsular ligament the lateral patellar retinacula the patellar ligament Question 22 Lanugo is found on an infant before it is born. on the soles of the feet. around the mouth on the palms of the hands. Question 23 A suture is an example of a(n) amphiarthrosis. symphysis. diarthrosis. synarthrosis. Question 24 The special movement of the thumb that allows it to grasp an object and hold on to it is called opposition. eversion circumduction. retraction. Question 25 Which part of the vertebral column receives the most stress by bearing most of the weight of the body? the sacrum the lumbar region the cervical region the thoracic region Question 26 Overstretching of the any part of the muscle generally causes swelling, pain, bruising. This overstretching is known as a__. hemotoma fracture strain sprain Question 27 Acne is a disorder associated with ________ sebaceous glands sudriferous glands ceruminous glands Merkel glands Question 28 The process of bones increasing in width is known as _____ long bones reaching adult length and width concentric growth closing of the epiphyseal plate appositional growth Question 29 Bone contains all of the following, except calcium carbonate. calcium phosphate. collagen fibers. chondroitin sulfate. Question 30 ________ fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin. Closed Open Compound Recurrent Question 31 How is the beginning of intramembraneous ossification different from endochondral ossification? Short Answer. 1. The beginning of intemembraneous ossification is the condensation of mesenchyme into soft sheet permeated with blood cells while endochondral ossification is the bone formation process which involves the replation of hyaline cartilage. Cartilage is present during endochondral ossification. (Growth of femur) Question 32 Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show greater than normal demineralization. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone will she prescribe for her patient? estrogen growth hormone parathyroid hormone Question 33 If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n) ___ sesamoid bone found at a joint articular cartilage small sac containing fluid cavity within a long bone Question 34 The ethmoid bone is composed of all of the following except the ______ inferior nasal concha cribriform plate crista galli olfactory foramina Question 35 What are the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live called? trabeculae Haversian canals Volkmann's canals Lacunae Question 36 The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called ___ a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage Volkmann's canals the struts of bone known as spicules Sharpey's fibers Question 37 An epidermal dendritic cell is a specialized ________. squamous epithelial cell nerve cell phagocytic cell melanocyte Question 38 Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of ________. diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis filtration absorbing materials applied to the surface layer of the skin utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis Question 39 The matrix of osseus tissues consists of organic and inorganic matter. Which of the following is not true? if the inorganic matter of bone is dissolved, the bones would be very brittle organic matter consists of glycoaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins the inorganic matter provides for resistance to compression, thus giving strength the proteins of the organic matter helps to resist tension and provides flexibility Question 40 Hypocalcemia can result in excessive excitability of the nervous system such as in carpopedal spasms. What could this be caused from? Short Answer. Lack of Vitamin D, magnesium, and calcium Question 41 Alice and James adopted a 3-year-old child from a developing country. They noticed that her legs were bowed and there were some deformities in her cranial and pelvic bones. They brought her to a physician for a diagnosis. What was the diagnosis, and what was the treatment for the disorder? Short Answer. 1. The child has a disorder called Rickets. Rickets is a vitamin D deficiency because of a lack of calcitrol in the body or due to insufficient minerals, such as calcium, in the diet. Treatment for this is by replacing the calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D that is lacking. Calcium and phosphorus can be found in fish, liver, and processed milk. Exposure to moderate sunlight is also very important in getting vitamin D. Question 42 Carpopedal spasms and laryngospasms can result from all of the following except hypercalcemia hypocalcemia vitamin D deficiency removal or underactive parathyoid Question 43 The Pap test is a procedure utilizing embryology anatomy. physiology. exfoliative cytology. Question 44 The term aponeurosis refers to __ the rough endoplasmic reticulum the tropomyosin-troponin complex the bands of myofibrils a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element Question 45 A large rough projection of a bone (found only on the femur) is termed a trochanter condyle ramus tuberosity Question 46 Maggie, a 28-year old Caucasian woman, complains of painful, stiff hands and feet, feeling tired all the time, and reports an intermittent low-grade fever. The CNP explains that she has a chronic, systemic, and inflammatory disorder which can be a crippling disease with joint stiffening (ankylosis) resulting in restriction of joint movement ,extreme pain, and accumulation of fluid in the joint. It is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissue. What is more than likely wrong with the patient? Gout Rheumatoid arthritis Herberdeen's nodes Osteomalacia Question 47 A slightly movable joint is a(n) synarthrosis. diarthrosis. synostosis amphiarthrosis. Question 48 The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitutes 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin? the papillary layer the reticular layer the subcutaneous layer the hypodermal layer Question 49 You are a school nurse in a middle school. You are responsible for screening the children for scoliosis. What is involving in this screening? Short Answer. Bending at the waist unevenness, walk in a straight, one shoulder is higher than other 1. Scoliosis is the lateral curvature of the spine due to the lack of proper development of one vertebrae. To check for scoliosis the nurse will check the children's spine. The child should bend forward at the waist while the nurse looks for unevenness in the child's back. Question 50 Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream? calcitonin parathyroid hormone thyroxine estrogen Question 51 Sudoriferous glands vary in distribution over the surface of the body. Which of the following is correct? Apocrine glands are larger than eccrine, and empty secretions directly to the surface of the skin. Eccrine are the most numerous, being found primarily in the axillary regions. Mammary glands are not considered a modified sweat gland. Ceruminous glands secrete cerumen, which is thought to deter insects. Question 52 The structure of bones suits the function. Which of the following bones is adapted to withstand stress? compact bone irregular bone trabecular bone spongy bone Question 53 Fibrous joints are classified as _______ sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses pivot, hinge, and ball and socket hinge, saddle, and ellipsoidal symphysis, sacroiliac, and articular Question 54 What is the major function of the axial skeleton? give the body resilence provide an attachment point for muscles that allow movement provide central support for the body and protect internal organs provide a space for the major digestive organ Question 55 Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of _ potassium, phosphate, and vitamin D vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride sodium, calcium, and vitamin E calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D Question 56 Calcium phosphate homeostasis within the body is primarily regulated by urinary, skeletal, respiratory systems respiratory, skeletal, digestive systems skeletal, urinary, digestive systems urinary, respiratory, digestive systems Question 57 Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of flexion extension circumduction hyperextension Question 58 What is the importance of the hyoid bone? Short Answer. 1. The hyoid bone serves as an attachment to the muscles of the tongue, larynx, epiglottis, pharynx, and muscles at the floor of the mouth. This allows tongue movement and swallowing. Question 59 Which forms the largest portion of the coxal bone? ischium pubis ilium pelvic Question 60 The shoulder joint is primarily stabilized by the clavicle. capsular fibers. muscles that move the humerus. the scapula. Question 61 When the ligaments, which hold bone together, are overstretched and partially torn, a ___ results. Short Answer. sprain Question 62 Spongy bones are made up of a marrow needed for the formation of blood cells which is __. gelatinous bone marrow red bone marrow yellow bone marrow Question 63 When a fair-skinned person blushes, why does his or her skin turn red? The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases. Melanocytes increase production of red pigments. Increased heat causes the skin to turn red The blood supply to the skin increases. Question 64 Regulation of bone remodeling involves mechanical forces gravitational forces acting on skeleton hormonal mechanisms all of the choices are correct Question 65 Burns are devasting and debilitating because of loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body. How do physicians estimate the extent of burn damage associated with such dangerous fluid loss? By observing the tissues that are usually moist By using the “rule of nines” Through blood analysis By measuring urinary output and fluid intake