University:
University of Virginia
Course:
PSYC 1010 | Introductory Psychology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

363

Pages:

3
Author:

Kayli N.

Behavioral Theorists: link depression to learned helplessness, increases self-defeating thinking and depression with uncontrollable painful events ● Learned helplessness from discrimination, prejudice, poverty in adolescents Cognitive Theorists: distortions of thinking, putting negative events out of proportion and minimizing positive, good events, continuous negative self-defeating thoughts to depress them more into a downward spiral of despair ● Depression increases likelihood of negative thoughts ● Depressed group faced more risk factors with social environment Biological Theorists: disordered mood focus on brain chemicals, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, drugs treating depression effects these neurotransmitters ● Grey matter loss in those with neglect history in the dorsal anterior cingulate and bilateral insular cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala ● Small volumes of caudate (part of basal ganglia) ● MDD had higher volume in vetral diencephalon and hypothalamus ● Genetics and inheritance play significant part from common gene ○ Twin studies: if 1 identical twin has major depression or bipolar disorder then other will develop a mood disorder 40-70% Anxiety Disorders: a class of disorders where the primary symptom is excessive unrealistic anxiety ● Free-Floating Anxiety: anxiety unrelated to a specific/known cause Treatments: Systemic Desenitiation ● Arn relaxation techniques ● Create fear hierachy and work throigh while relaxing Phobia: irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia): fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation, self-conscious Specific Phobia: fear of objects of specific siutations or events ● Claustrophobia: fear of being in a small, enclosed space ● Acrophobia: fear of heights ● Agoraphobia (fear of the marketplace): fear of being in a situation where escape is difficult or impossible if something goes wrong (public transportation, home alone) ○ Can’t avoid like other fears, so makes a person’s home like a prison Panic Attack: sudden onset of intense panic where multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying ● Racing heart, rapid breathing, “out of one’s body” dulled hearing and vision Panic Disorder: panic attacks more than once or repeatedly, and cause persistent worry Generalized Anxiety Disorder: rson has feelings of dread and impending doom, physical symptoms of stress lasting 6 months or more, with no particular source or control them ● Worry excessively about money, children, lives, friends Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): intruding, recurring thoughts/obsessions create anxiety, relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior/mental act (compulsion) ● Complusions to lower anxiety caused by thoughts ● Feels compelled to form the ritual and feels extreme anxiety if can't "must" ● Treatmnets: Cognntive- Behvaioral Therapy (CBT) and Drug treatment SSRI ○ Exposure and Response Prevention (EX/RP): get exposed to feared stimulus. Prevented from responding ntil anxiety goes away ○ Cogntiive Therapy: faulty estimates of danger or responsibility