Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa: reduces eating to where body weight is significantly low or less than minimally expected, BMI less than 18.5 in adults ●​ Abnormal hormone secrete in thyroid and adrenal glands, weakened heart muscles and altered heart rhythms, diarrhea, muscle tissue loss, loss of sleep, low BP, lack of menstruation ●​ Severe weight loss >40%: dehydration, severe chemical imbalances, organ damage ●​ Cook elaborate food for others but don't eat themselves, force themselves to throw up, large doses of laxatives, disorted body images ●​ Highest mortality rate among all other disorders Bulimia Nervosa: cycle of "binging", overeating enormous amounts of food in 1 sitting, then using unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain ●​ Prompted by anxious/depressed mood, social stressors, distorted feelings about body image, intense hunger after diet attempts ○​ Continues due to lack of/impairment in self-control when binge starts ○​ Cognitive Distortion of all-or-nothing thinking ●​ "purging" behaviors to deliverating vomit or laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise after to avoid weight gain ●​ More females, older: obsessed with appearance, diet excessively, distorted body image ●​ Normal body weight so difficult to detect ●​ Severe tooth decay, esophagus lining erosion from vomit acidity, enlarged salivary glands, and imbalances of potassium, calcium, and sodium ○​ Damages to intestinal tract (laxatives), heart problems, fatigue, seizures Binge-Eating Disorder: person overeats, or binges, on enormous amounts of food in 1 sitting, but UNLIKE bulimia, the individual doesn't purge or use unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain ●​ Equal in M/F Eating Disorder Causes: female adolescent or YA ●​ Bulimia & Binge: increased sensitivity to food and its reward value ●​ Anorexia: fear and anxiety associated with food, altered activity/functioning of brain ●​ Genetic 40-60% for risk, certain genes ●​ Neglect/abuse history have increased risk, particularly those who are genetically vulnerable ●​ Cultural Syndromes: obsessed with being thin ○​ Chinese have less in both native and Americans due to their cultural "protect" factors ○​ Anorexia: genetics but expression is culture-bound ○​ Bulimia: culture-bound and tied to Western culture influences on thinness on how individual's self-evaluation Sexual Dysfunction: a problem in sexual functioning (sexual interest, arousal, response), or with actual physical workings ●​ F: 40-45% and M: 20-30%, increases as age ○​ Skewed as people don't tell truth/distorted truth to deny or minimize DSM-5 Female sexual interest/arousal disorder and Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: sexual desire or arousal disorders Erectile Disorder and Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: disorders related to the physical act of intercourse Premature Ejaculation, Female Orgasmic Disrder, and Delayed Ejaculation: timing or inability to reach orgasm ●​ Physical sources (organic factors): illness, medication side effects, surgeries, physical disabilities, drug use (cocaine, alchohol, nictine), diabetes, cancer, strokes ●​ Sociocultural: source of stress, instruction of direct or indirect teaching to have negative attitudes toward sexual activities (parents) ●​ Psychological: individual psychological probelsm (low self-esteem, anxiety over performance, depression, body image, sexual abuse history), relationship between the 2 sexual partners for underlying problem ○​ Body and mind influence each other's functioning