Unit 1 Chapter 2 Textbook Notes

CHAPTER Nervous System : network Neuroscience Field : of cells & structure that functioning · some nucleus · cell body · · communicating wi Info carries of brain of , function & es neve all structure dead clears up Myelin messages Multiple (MS) myelin sheath destroyed : functioning · damaged eX , Diffusion from lous move & · high ea big can't negative at rest: Outside to & %... makes & - can't - ↳ ⑧ chloride lons Action Potential : strong Hyperpolarization vesicles : ↳ : & fluid-filled sacs W/ between this 15 Neurotransmitter ex . blocks Dopamine (DA) · Can cause if too much in too Neuropeptides : ex . myelin for nerve fibers neurons protect can of body axon sheath repair itself brain/spinal speeds up cord neural messages down pressure (charges at axon rest - : clears &d Inside negative lons clusters around membrane creates electrical potential Nat (cell into cell becomes (beyond resting potential) exit cell positive) [All fashion] or none Neurotransmitters (ACh) of : axon terminal turn stimulates to next dendrite by passing this cells off Skeletal system Agonist (spider Neurotransmitter little (in hippocampus to Ach) DA in brain Schizophrenia for nervous Acid positive = charges attract sodium Inhibitory systems stroke , for - development & or head injury, (GABA) inhibitory Endorphins (pain Enzymatic Degradation ↳ Parkinson's Disease if too area an Gamma-Aminobutyric K effects cell death after > much - + on reduces or lons neurotransmitters pass from Acetylcholine = Glutamate[excitatory · closed stimulus -> channel opens & Nat channels close · : - negatively charged fluid-filled space Excitatory= turns cells /Antagonist electrostatic opposite in at rest get b/c channels are · : potential ↳ resting sodium lons Synapse & concentration remains · · Synaptic low to neuron severed toe can regain function but not · : neurons of : Schwann cells -> insulate & Sclerosis system leaving , behavior , neuroplasticity Oligodendrocytes loss of neural nervous homeostatsis function · body & tissue for nutrients : release carry messages receive · from neurons , nerves, , - Dendrites maintains and to , Glial Cells ↑ AxonTerminallitter on* 2 in synaptic plasticity degenerative disease (Alcheimers brain to controlling for rapid activity synaptic gap quickly calm anxiety and & Huntington) tranquilizing all Leisoning studies electrode : (ESB) Brain Stimulation : temporarily disrupt electrical stimulation to cause impulses that sends Partinson's -used to treat Optogenetics Noninvasive : , techniques : transcranial · Transcranial by light - MRI tenor : : DH : alpha waves : relaxed detail cognitive studies : measurement (MEG) : , impure generator areas neurons amplitude damage ,tumors current to , change abnormal brain neuron exitability structure details of the brain see small send scalp strokes & neurotransmitters the brain's electrical of brain response problems detects language disorders (Aphasia) Emission Position message brain for low shows strate connectivity by imaging processing,attention Megnetoencephalography benavior/ Cognition changes study in white matter , shows signals sleep , brain Alzhiemer's learning ,memory , changes seizures, tumors watefulness Event-related Potentials (ERP) studies specific of specific chemicals on to electricity show small : electrodes function specific deep-brain areas to in magnetic pulses stimulate : more measure Electroencephalogram (EEG) through passes depression mapping "slices" doesn't Imaging (MRI) Imaging , rather than Spectroscopy : estimate concentration Diffusion electrodes , Stimulation : scalp electrodes Current Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic pain (TMS) Direct electrical current an received the to stimulate electrodes Stimulation Magnetic Resonance stimulation brain they as if react to seizure, chronic activated neurons · deep implanted to , specific normal brain enhance or neurons techniques/stimulation : Invasive brain intended brain +issue destroy to insertedInto surgically is in small , emotional bipolar Magnetic processing : Tomography (PET) injected / related to disorder fields women event itself w/ADHD electrical activity of neurons faces of radioactive by + stimulus the glucose to see activity of cells lighter color-greater activity Single Proton Functional MRI Emission Computed tomography (FMRI) : tracts exygen changes in : measures blood brain blood to see where is flor most active More details/clear than PET eX . Alzheimers-higher Vear-Infrared oxygenated & levels of Spectroscopy connectivity blu (NIRS) : deoxygenated hemoglobin changes . left in Measures frontal blood areas oxygen , = brain measures slows down cortical changes in concentration cognitive development in children & temporal lobeI n speech of