Anatomy of the Head I

Anatomy of the Head One Bones The fascial bones consist of the bones of the orbit and nose, the maxilla, and the mandible. Fascial Bones • Frontal - Supraorbital ridge (or notch) - Glabella - Supraorbital foramina - Frontal sinuses • • • • • • • Inferior nasal concha - One of the three nasal turbinates Lacrimal - Smallest bone in the face - Located in the medial wall of the orbit. Nasal - Nasion Sphenoid - Sella turcica - Sphenoidal sinuses - Greater and lesser wings - Pterygoid processes - Sphenoidal conchae Ethmoid Palatine - Posterior part of the hard plate - Greater and lesser palatine foramen Vomer - Inferior part of the nasal septum - Nasopalatine groove • Zygomatic Mandible • • • • • • • • Mental foramen Mental tubercle Mental protuberance Body Angle ramus Coronoid process Condyle process Mandibular notch Temporomandibular joint and ligaments Identify the following features at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) • • • • • Articular surfaces Capsule Temporomandibular ligament Sphenomandibular ligament Stylomandibular ligament Fascia • • • Deep fascia Temporal fascia Parotid fascia Movements of the TMJ • • • Rotation Anterior gliding (opening/closing) Protraction/retraction Muscles of the tongue Extrinsic Name Palatoglossus Origin Anterior surface of the soft plate Insertion Latera border of the tongue Innervation Vagus nerve Styloglossus Styloid process Lateral border of the tongue Hypoglossal nerve Genioglossus Inferior mental spine of the manubrium Tongue and hypoid Hypoglossal nerve Function Elevate the posterior tongue and constrict the pharynx Draws the sides of the tongue upwards and brings tongue back. Depress and extend the tongue. Hyoglossus Hyoid bone Side of the tongue Hypoglossal nerve Depress the tongue Insertion Innervation Function Intrinsic muscles of the tongue Name Superior longitudinal Inferior longitudinal Vertical Transverse Origin Muscles of mastication Name Temporalis Origin Temporal fossa and temporal fascia Insertion Coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible Ramus of the mandible Innervation Trigeminal, Mandible branch Masseter - Superficial - Deep Zygomatic Lateral pterygoids - Superior head - Inferior head Medial pterygoids Sphenoid Condyle of mandible Trigeminal, mandible branch Lateral pterygoid plate Ramus of mandible via strong tendinous lamina Trigeminal, mandible branch Trigeminal, mandible branch Function Elevates and retracts the mandible against the maxilla with great force Elevation and protraction of the mandible Draws the mandibular condyle and articular disc forward Elevation and retraction of the mandible. Muscles of fascial expression • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Occipitofrontalis: frontalis part raises the eyebrows, and the occipital part draws scalp posteriorly. Orbicularis oculi: closes the eyelids. - Palpebral and orbital parts Orbicularis orris: closes the lips. Platysma: depresses the mandible Zygomatic major: draws the angle of the mother laterally and upward. Zygomatic minor: draws the upper lip laterally and upward. Levator labii superiorly: raises the upper lip and moves it forward. Levator labii superiorly alaeque nasi: raises the upper lip. Risorius; retracts the angle of the supper mouth. Buccinator: compresses the cheeks during mastication. Mentalis: raises and protrudes the lower lip. Depressor labii inferiors draws the lower lip inferiorly and laterally. Depressor angus orris: draws the angle of the mouth downwards. Nasalis: depresses the cartilaginous part of the nose and draws the ala outward the septum. Procerus: draws down the eyebrows. Corrugator supercilli: draws the eyebrows downwards and medially. • • Levator anguli oris: elevates the angle of the mouth. Corrugator supercilli: draws the eyebrows medially and downwards. She always like friends over papa, mama and sister Superior thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Fascial Occipital Posterior auditory Maxillary Superficial temporal