Six Kingdoms Characteristics Chart

SIX KINGDOMS CHARACTERISTICS CHART Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungus Plant Animal Cell Type prokaryotic prokaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic eukaryotic Number of Cells unicellular unicellular most unicellular most multicellular multicellular multicellular cell cell most cell most tissue systems systems peptidoglycan contains uncommon lipids pectin or none (green algae: cellulose) chitin cellulose none auto/heterotroph auto/heterotroph auto/heterotroph heterotroph (absorption) autotroph heterotroph asexual asexual sexual/asexual sexual/asexual sexual/asexual sexual/asexual some motile nonmotile motile/nonmotile most nonmotile nonmotile motile aid in digestion many pathogenic (malaria, African sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery) cellulose digestion many pathogenic (athlete’s foot, yeast infection, ringworm) lichen epiphyte mycorrhizae mistletoe parasitic worms, barnacles, clownfish fix nitrogen decomposers decomposers algae major aquatic oxygen & food producers algal bloom decomposers major oxygen & food source (photosynthesis - trophic level 1) human impact on environment gave rise to eukaryote organelles can live in extreme conditions ancestors of eukaryotes toothpaste teeth whiteners fermented food products food source antibiotics can’t live without ‘em medicine source invertebrates vertebrates Level of Organization Cell Wall Mode of Nutrition Reproduction Motility Symbiotic Relationship Ecological Importance Other fix nitrogen many pathogenic aid in human digestion sponges Examples Escherichia coli Streptococcus methanobacteria algae, diatoms, amoebas, lichen, yeast, mushrooms trees flowers grass mammals This chart sets the content to be covered in the Six Kingdoms Unit. Limit your content for teaching/testing purposes to these concepts. The six kingdoms are grouped according to five major categories in addition to other major characteristics. The categories are: I. CELL TYPE: (kind of cell) all cells are made of the same organic material) A. PROKARYOTIC: no organized nucleus, no internal membranes, peptidoglycan cell wall, have ribosomes (small), bacteria and bluegreen algae B. EUKARYOTIC: organized nucleus, internal membranes, nonpeptidoglycan cell wall II. CELLULAR ORGANIZATION: A. NUMBER OF CELLS 1. UNICELLULAR: (single-celled) all life functions, solitary or colonial (chains or clumps) 2. MULTICELLULAR: (many-celled) a. hyphae body form b. tissue differentiation (limited to advanced organisms) B. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION (Tissue Differentiation) 1. cells, 2. tissues, 3. organs, 4. organ system, 5. organism C. CELL WALL 1. PEPTIDOGLYCAN: contain peptidoglycan, a complex web-like molecule; found only in the Eubacteria 2. UNCOMMON LIPIDS: nonpeptidoglycan, contains uncommon lipids, found only in Archaebacteria 3. PECTIN: contain pectin a complex polysaccharide, found in most Protista 3. CELLULOSE: contain cellulose a complex polysaccharide; found in Plantae 3. CHITIN: contain chitin, a tough material like that making up crab shells; found only in the Fungi III. MODE OF NUTRITION (how obtain energy/gets food) A. AUTOTROPHIC: make own food, contain chlorophyll (photosynthetic), (some without chlorophyll are chemotrophic) B. HETEROTROPHIC: get food from other organism, no chlorophyll, ingestion or absorption (free living, parasitic, saprophytic) IV. Method of REPRODUCTION A. ASEXUAL: only one parent, offspring genetically identical to parent, no union of gametes B. SEXUAL: two parents, offspring genetically different from parents (a combination of the two), union of gametes V. MOTILITY A. MOTILE: ability to move from place to place, may only be motile in larval stage B. NONMOTILE: cannot move from place to place, maybe sessile (attached to a surface)