Nervous System - Answers

Name: Nervous System Power point Homework sheet. All answers can be found in the power point on my web page or in your text book. 1. What are the 3 functions of the Nervous system? a. Sensory imput b. Intergration c. Motor output 2. The Central Nervous system consists of the _Brain________ and _spinal cord___________ 3. The Peripheral Nervous system consists of nerves outside the CNS and functions in Cranial and spinal nerves (sensory organs). a. Sensory or afferent system carries impulses to the Central Nervous system. b. Motor or efferent system carries impulses to the body (away from the CNS). c. Interneurons (association) connect the two. (this is in a later slide) d. The 2 division of the PNS are the Somatic NS and autonomic NS. The Somatic is voluntary and the Autonomic is involuntary. 4. What is the function of Schwann cells? Makes Mylein 5. Dendrites conduct impulses towards the cell body and axons carry impulse away from the cell body. a. Synaptic cleft gap between adjacent neurons b. Synapse junction between nerves c. What are neurotransmitters? Transmit the messages from the nerve across the synaptic cleft to the muscle etc. 6. Grey matter are cells of Unmyelinated fibers White matter is myleinated 7. Ganglia are collections of nerve cells out side the central nervous system. 8. Function and properties of Neurons. a. Irritability – ability to respond to a stimuli b. Condutivity – ability to transmit an impulse c. The plasma membrane at rest is polarized d. Fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell e. Depolarization – a stimulus depolarizes the neuron’s membrane f. A depolarized membrane allows Sodium (Na)to flow inside the membrane g. The exchange of ions initiates an action potential in the neuron 9. Reflex a. Reflex– rapid, predictable, and involuntary responses to stimuli b. Reflex arc – direct route from a Sensory neuron to an interneuron, to an effector. c. Autonomic reflexes (automatic done with out our control) a. Smooth muscle regulation b. Examples are Heart rate and blood pressure regulation c. Regulation of glands d. Digestive system regulation d. Somatic reflexes (voluntary we can control these) a. Activation of Skeletal muscles 10. What are the 4 regions of the brain? a. Cerebral hemisphere b. Diencephalon c. Brain stem d. cerebellum 11. What are the functions (parts) of each region? • • • • Cerebral hemispheres Includes half of the brain mass Responsible for higher order thinking Diencephalon Thalamus –relay station Hypothalamus- temperature regulation Brain stem Midbrain Pons regulates breathing smooths it out Medulla oblogata controls heart rate and breathing Brain (What are its 4 lobes and the function of each lobe?) 1. Cerebellum - high order thinking 2. Parietal - taste ect 3. Occipital - sight 4. temporal - hearing 12. What is the difference between gray matter and White Matter? Grey matter has no myelin it is processing and most is located in the CNS, White matter is for transporting it has myelin. Autonomic Nervous system 1. The involuntary branch of the nervous system 2. Consists of only motor nerves 3. Divided into two divisions • sympathetic division which is responsible for increasing activity (fight or flight)division which is responsible for decreasing activity (slows you back down to perform. • Sympathetic Nervous system controls your Fight or flight reflex explain what Fight or flight means. When aroused by a dangerous situation you have the choice of staying and fighting or running away very quickly. 4. The hypothalamus is one of the last regions of the brain to develop and the brain reaches it maximum weight in young adulthood. Brain Dysfunctions 23. 1. e 2. f 3. d 4. g 5. b 6. c 7. a 8. h 9. i Figure 7.3 1. d 2. l 3. f 4. c 5. k 6. b 7. e 8. a 9. i 10. h 11. j 12. g Cranial nerves 1. accessory (11) 2. olfactory (1) 3. Oculomotor (3) 4. Vagus (10) 5. facial (7) 6. trigeminal (5) 7. Vestibulocholear (8) 8. facial (7) 9. 3, 4, 6 10. trigeminal (5) 11. optic (2) 12. 1, 2, 8 124 # 17 1. j 2. l 3. o 4. m 5. b 6. d 7. a 8. k 9. g 10. i 11. e 12. n 13. f 14. h 15. c Exercise 17 1. hypothalamus 2. pons 3. cerebellum 4. thalamus 5. medulla oblongata 6. corpus collassum 7. cerebral aquaduct 8. thalamus 9. choroid plexus 10. cerebral peduncle 11. hypothalamus