Chapter 2. An Introduction to the Social Construct of Food

The Psychology, Biology, and Politics of Food PSYC 123 - Lecture 1 - Introduction: What We Eat, Why We Eat, and the Key Role of Food in Modern Life Chapter 2. An Introduction to the Social Construct of Food   Definition Of Food  Edible  Contains Nutrients  Socially Acceptable  Provides Energy Criteria Influencing the Definition of Food A. Origin And Processing 1. Natural Vs. Processed Food The concept of natural food refers to items that are found in nature and can be gathered, hunted, fished, or grown. On the other hand, processed food undergoes various alterations, including the addition of ingredients or changes in chemical properties, through manufacturing or industrial processes. 2. Changes In Chemical Properties Food processing often involves modifying the chemical properties of ingredients. For example, wheat or corn, which are originally natural foods, can be processed in multiple ways, leading to changes in their chemical composition. These alterations may affect the nutritional value, taste, texture, and overall quality of the food product. B. Effects On the Body 1. Recognized By the Body The concept of whether a food is recognized by the body refers to its ability to be metabolized and utilized effectively for energy or nutrient absorption. When the body consumes food, it has the necessary digestive processes to break down and extract nutrients from it. Ideally, foods that are recognized by the body can be efficiently processed and utilized for the body's metabolic needs. 2. Internal Metabolic Impact The internal metabolic impact of food refers to the effects it has on the body's physiological processes, particularly when consumed consistently over time. Certain foods, such as those high in unhealthy fats, sugars, and trans fats, can have negative consequences on the body's metabolism. Regular consumption of such foods may lead to various health issues, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. In contrast, a balanced and nutritious diet consisting of foods that support optimal metabolic function can contribute to overall health and well-being. C. Social Construction 1. Cultural Taste and Preferences The social construction of food refers to how food is defined and perceived within a specific culture or society. Taste and preferences play a significant role in determining what is considered food within a particular cultural context. Different cultures have distinct culinary traditions, preferences, and norms regarding what is acceptable or desirable to eat. Food choices are influenced by cultural factors such as traditions, customs, beliefs, and values. What may be considered a delicacy or a staple in one culture may be deemed unacceptable or unappetizing in another. For example, certain insects like cockroaches may be considered repulsive and unfit for consumption in some cultures, while in other cultures, they may be viewed as a viable food source. Cultural taste and preferences shape our perceptions and definitions of food. These preferences can vary even within a country, reflecting the diversity and richness of different cultural backgrounds. Understanding the social construction of food helps us appreciate the cultural significance of various culinary practices and broadens our perspectives on what is considered food across different societies. It is important to recognize that the social construction of food is subjective and influenced by cultural norms. By acknowledging and respecting cultural diversity, individuals can develop a more inclusive and open-minded approach to food choices and appreciate the richness of culinary traditions around the world.  Examples of Applying the Criteria A. Flaming Hot Cheetos and Cockroach 1. Found in nature: Cockroach yes, Cheetos no  Cockroach is found in nature, while Flaming Hot Cheetos are not naturally occurring. 2. Processing: Cockroach in its natural state, Cheetos processed  Cockroach is consumed in its natural state, whereas Flaming Hot Cheetos undergo extensive processing, including the addition of various ingredients and changes in their chemical properties. 3. Recognized by the body: Cockroach likely harmless, Cheetos may cause internal damage  While the specific metabolic impact of consuming a cockroach is not discussed in the provided material, it is assumed to be relatively harmless to the body. In contrast, Flaming Hot Cheetos, with their high fat, sugar, and artificial ingredient content, may potentially cause internal damage when consumed in excess. 4. Harmful perception: Cockroach considered harmful due to cultural beliefs, and Cheetos are perceived as tasty  Cockroach is generally considered harmful due to cultural beliefs and associations with dirtiness and disgust. In contrast, Flaming Hot Cheetos are perceived as tasty and desirable, at least within certain cultural contexts. 5. Socially defined as food: Cheetos accepted; Cockroach not accepted  Flaming Hot Cheetos are socially accepted as a food item, whereas cockroaches are generally not socially accepted as a food source in many cultures.