Chapter 3. Understanding Physical and Psychological Distances to Food

The Psychology, Biology, and Politics of Food PSYC 123 - Lecture 1 - Introduction: What We Eat, Why We Eat, and the Key Role of Food in Modern Life Chapter 3. Understanding Physical and Psychological Distances to Food  Distance to Food  Physical & Psychological This refers to the physical proximity and psychological connection people used to have with their food. In the past, food was grown locally and sold in nearby markets. People had a close relationship with their food because they could physically see the farmers who brought the food to the market. This close proximity created a psychological connection as well, as people were aware of the origin and production of their food.  Food used to be grown locally and sold in markets In earlier times, a significant portion of the food consumed was grown locally. This means that food production and consumption were more localized, with fewer intermediaries involved. People could easily access fresh produce and interact with farmers who brought their goods to the local markets.  People had a close relationship with their food Due to the local nature of food production, individuals had a stronger connection to the food they consumed. They were aware of the source of their food, and there was a sense of community and familiarity with the farmers and producers. This close relationship fostered a deeper appreciation and understanding of the food.  Over time, food is shipped from greater distances As time has progressed, the distance from which food is sourced has increased. With the expansion of transportation networks and globalization, food can now be transported from faraway places to reach consumers. This shift has led to a change in the dynamics of the food system and the relationship people have with their food.  People have a distant relationship with food now Due to the increased distance between food production and consumption, people have become more detached from the process. They are less likely to physically see or interact with the farmers or producers of their food. This has created a sense of distance and unfamiliarity in the relationship between individuals and their food.  Concern for where food comes from is changing However, in recent times, there has been a growing trend of people wanting to know the story behind their food. This shift indicates a changing consciousness and increasing interest in understanding the origin, production methods, and sustainability of the food they consume. People are becoming more conscious of the environmental and social implications of their food choices.  Built Environment & Physical Activity  Changes in the built environment affect physical activity The way our environment is structured has a significant impact on the level of physical activity individuals engage in. The design and layout of neighborhoods, cities, and towns can either promote or hinder physical activity.  Examples: highways dividing communities, busy roads  Grid layout promotes walking, suburban developments hinder it The layout and design of a neighborhood or city play a crucial role in determining the ease of walking and physical activity. Neighborhoods with a grid-like street layout, such as those found in some urban areas, tend to be more pedestrian-friendly, as they offer shorter distances between destinations and provide direct walking routes. In contrast, suburban developments often feature winding streets, cul-de-sacs, and a greater distance between destinations, making walking less convenient and less likely.  Energy-saving devices contribute to reduced physical activity The prevalence of energy-saving devices in our modern society, such as remote-controlled appliances, elevators, and cars, has reduced the amount of physical effort required for daily tasks. These conveniences contribute to a sedentary lifestyle by reducing the need for physical activity in our day-to-day lives. For example, using a car to commute instead of walking or cycling reduces opportunities for active transportation and physical exertion.  Changing Relationship with Food  People's relationship with food has worsened over time The connection between individuals and their food has become more distant compared to the past. In earlier times, people had a closer relationship with their food as it was often grown locally and sold in nearby markets. However, with the expansion of global food systems and increased reliance on long-distance transportation, people have become more disconnected from the sources of their food.  Eating has become less enjoyable and more frequent The enjoyment of eating has declined over time. Factors such as the availability of food at all times and the normalization of eating outside of regular meal times have contributed to a shift in eating habits. With the introduction of marketing campaigns promoting the concept of a "fourth meal" or snacking throughout the day, people have developed a habit of constant eating, which may diminish the satisfaction and pleasure derived from food.  Availability, cost, and marketing are influencing factor Several factors influence people's food choices. The availability of food and its accessibility play a significant role. With the expansion of processed and fast-food options, unhealthy food choices have become more readily available and affordable, making them more appealing to consumers. Additionally, extensive marketing efforts by food companies contribute to the promotion and consumption of less healthy food options.  Convenience, taste, and easy preparation contribute to junk food consumption Convenience and ease of preparation are crucial factors in food choices. Junk food, which is often highly processed and requires minimal time and effort to prepare, appeals to individuals seeking quick and effortless meal options. Moreover, the taste factor plays a significant role, as many processed and unhealthy foods are engineered to be highly palatable and addictive.  Lack of knowledge about healthy foods is a minor factor While some individuals may lack knowledge about healthy food options, it is not the primary driver of unhealthy eating habits. The survey mentioned indicates that education alone may not be sufficient to address the issue. Other factors, such as convenience, taste, marketing, and affordability, exert more significant influences on food choices and consumption patterns.  Addressing Junk Food Consumption  Potential strategies depend on identified driving factors  Change the environment to make healthy food more convenient  Regulate advertising and marketing of unhealthy food  Use economic interventions like taxes and subsidies  Education alone may not be effective in reducing junk food consumption