CHAPTER 17 HOMEWORK: 1. Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) would cause the pancreas to___insulin secretion, and hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) would cause the pancreas to___insulin secretion. - Increase; Decrease 2. Which of the following has both exocrine and endocrine functions? - Pancreas 3. Hypersection of growth hormone can lead to a condition called___, while hyposecretion can lead to a disorder called____. - Gigantism; Pituitary dwarfism 4. The adrenal medulla secretes - Epinephrine and Norepinephrine 5. An inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones results in____, which is characterized by weigh gain and lethargy, while an excess of thyroid hormone secretion results in____, which is characterized by weight loss and rapid pulse. - Hypothyroidism; Hyperthyroidism 6. Drag each label to identify which hormones would be responsible for each description. Steroid: Estrone, Cortisol Monoamine: Norepinephrine, Thryoid hormone Peptide: Adrenocorticotopic hormone, Insulin, Angiotensin II, Glucagon 7. The parathyroid glands are located on the___surface of the thyroid gland. - Posterior 8. Hormones display___effects when one hormone allows the activity of a second hormone. - Permissive 9. An up-regulated cell has an increase in - The number of receptors available for binding 10. Down-regulation of a target cell can occur in response to - Prolonged increase in the level of a hormone 11. A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a - Long half-life 12. Local hormones are a large group of signaling molecules of which the primary type are called - Eicosanoids 13. The amount of time necessary to reduce the hormone concentration within the blood to one-half of what had been secreted originally is called - Half-life 14. In Type 1 diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because - No insulin is released 15. The treatment for Type 1 diabetes always includes - Insulin 16. The binding of epinephrine to its receptor activates a(n) - G protein 17. How much does the body respond to thyroxine? Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is important in controlling both development and maturation. It also controls metabolism in adult organisms. Excess thyroxine results in overly rapid development of metabolism while a deficiency of thyroxine results in a delayed development or a sluggish metabolism. Thyroid diseases are generally the result of the production of inappropriate amounts of thyroid hormones. Which of the following statements about thyroxine is true? -All of these choices are correct. Other correct answers: -It is water soluble -It is lipophilic -It can pass through the cell membrane 18. What are the effects of epinephrine? Epinephrine is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. It is secreted in the medulla of the adrenal gland. The primary function of epinephrine is in the “flight or fight” response to short-term success. Epinephrine has a variety of effects in different areas of the body including the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, the release of glucose into the body, increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, increased metabolic rate, increased flow of blood to the brain and skeletal muscles, and decreased flow of blood to the digestive system. All of these changes allow the body to respond quickly to any external danger. Epinephrine binds to - Beta-adrenegic receptors on the cell membrane of liver cells 19. Lipid soluble hormones are - Lipophilic 20. The hypothalamus is sometimes referred to as the “master control system” of the endocrine system because it - Regulates most endocrine functions of the body 21. The pancreas is - Located between the duodenum and spleen, just inferior to the stomach 22. The suprarenal (adrenal) glands are located superior to which organ(s)? - Kidneys 23. The cortex of the suprarenal (adrenal) gland produces - Corticosteroids 24. The principle mineralocorticoid___that helps regulate levels of___in the blood and body fluids. - Aldosterone; sodium and potassium ions 25. What is the name of the narrow band of tissue connecting the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland? - Isthmus 26. Thyroid hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release - Growth Hormone (GH) 27. GH stimulates liver cells to increase gluconeogensis; as a result, blood sugar levels - Rise 28. Target cells for releasing hormones are in the - Anterior Pituitary Gland