University:
Northwest College
Course:
ANT 201 | Anatomy
Academic year:

2024
Views:

403

Pages:

14
Author:

Reina H

Reflex pathway Stimulus ↓ Sensor ↓ input signal ↓ integrating center ↓ output signal ↓ Target ↓ Response Ch. 7 endocrine system hormone: chemical secreted classic endocrine glands neurons (neurohormones) immune system (cytokinase) pheromones hormones are transported to a distant target growth factors: influence cell growth & division hormones exert their effect at very low concentrations hormones act by binding receptors cellular mechanism of action hormone action must be terminated half life: amount of time required to reduce the concentration of hormone by one-half [A bracket encloses the following list:] hypothalamus Pineal gland Posterior/anterior pituitary thyroid & parathyroid thymus Liver pancreas adrenal glands (adrenal medulla & adrenal cortex) ovary testes Most hormones are peptides or proteins Second Messengers are activated when a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell. Method of hormone action gene expression & protein synthesis ion/molecule transport across cell membranes electrical signaling pathways control of enzymatic reaction rates insulin is an example of a Ligand Simple squamas epithelium is found next to free space called the Lumen & cells attach to form a sheet-like arrangement simple squamas epithelium cells - filtration & diffusion simple squamas - air sacs in lungs - lining of bloodvessels - kidneys (glomerular capsule) Simple cuboidal - found next to free space called Lumen consist of single layer of cube shaped cells forms tubular/spherical structures in the body absorption & secretion found in kidney tubules & thyroid follicles Simple columnar - single layer of tall rectangular cells apical surface closest to luminal surface goblet cells are released from apical surface apical surface sometimes covered in cilia secretion & absorption found in uterine, fallopian tubes, lining in stomach, small & large intestine Goblet cell is unicellular gland function of cilia - movement of something across cell surface hyaline cartilage -> transparent matrix hyaline cartilage - provides strength - structural support found in trachea, joints, nose chondrocytes found in lacunae areolar connective tissue -> Loose connective tissue multiple types of fibers running in different directions multiple cells are present fibers create observable woven structure or web type pattern supports epithelium & connects different tissue types found underlying dermis, underlying epithelium of esophagus, underlying epithelium of trachea elastic fibers hydrophobic -> does not mix w/ water