University:
Saint Louis University
Course:
PSY 1010 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

359

Pages:

1
Author:

Arlenette V.

INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPY Lesson 1: Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the Challenges of the 21st Century PHILOSOPHY Etymologically, the word “philosophy” comes from the two Greek words, philo, meaning “to love” and Sophia, meaning “wisdom”. It is originally meant as “love of wisdom”. Philosophy is also defined as that by the natural light of reason studies the first cause of highest principles of all things. PHILOSOPHY IN THE FOLLOWING STUDIES Science – It is called science because the investigation is systematic, it follows steps or employs certain procedures. Natural Light of Reason – The philosopher uses their natural capacity to think or simply, human reason alone or the ‘unaided reason’, it does not make use of any laboratory instrument or investigative tools, neither based on supernatural revelation (theology). Study of all things – Sets the distinction between philosophy from other sciences. All other sciences concern themselves with a particular object of investigation. FIRST CAUSE OR HIGHEST PRINCIPLE 1. Principle of Identity – Whatever it is, and whatever is not is not. A=A / A is A. 2. Principle of Non-Contradiction – It is impossible for a thing to be and not to be at the same time, and at the same respect. A is not equal to non-A. 3. Principle of Excluded Middle – A thing is either is or is not, everything must either be and not be. A or non-A. 4. Principle of Sufficient Reason – Nothing exists without a sufficient reason. Things don’t “just happen”. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Metaphysics – an extension of a fundamental and necessary drive in every human being to show what is real. The question is how to account for this unreal thing in terms of what you can accept as real. Ethics – explores the nature of moral virtue and evaluates human actions. It is generally the study of the nature of moral judgement. Epistemology – deals with the nature, sources, limitations and validity of knowledge (Soccio 2007). Epistemological questions are basic to all other philosophical inquiries. Epistemological data explains how we know what we claim to know. Logic – treatise on matters pertaining to the human thought. It is concerned with the truth and the validity of our arguments regarding such objects. Aesthetics – the science pf the beautiful in its various manifestations including the sublime, comic, tragic, pathetic, and ugly.

Pursuing Wisdom and Facing the Challenges of the 21st Century

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