Manic-depressive Psychosis

‭Manic-depressive psychosis‬ ‭ he term manic-depressive psychosis (or PMD) was introduced in 1899 by the German psychiatrist Emil‬ T ‭Kraepelin. We also speak of bipolar psychosis, although this adjective is not always justified: there are in‬ ‭fact unipolar forms (depressive phases only; when only manic phases exist, we still speak of a bipolar‬ ‭form).‬ ‭ pidemiology‬‭–The lifetime risk of developing manic-depressive psychosis is 1.5%. The manifestations‬ E ‭appear most often between the ages of 20 and 30, and affect both men and women (however, men will‬ ‭have more manic episodes in their life, and women more depressive episodes).‬ ‭ emonstrations‬‭–Manic-depressive‬ ‭psychosis‬ ‭is‬ ‭characterized‬ ‭by‬ ‭a‬‭succession‬‭of‬‭major‬‭mood‬‭disorders,‬ D ‭in‬‭the‬‭form‬‭of‬‭manic‬‭attacks‬‭(overestimation‬‭of‬‭self,‬‭reduced‬‭need‬‭for‬‭sleep,‬‭patient‬‭who‬‭is‬‭very‬‭talkative‬ ‭and easy to distract, etc.) and depressive.‬ ‭ ttacks last on average from 6 months to 2 years, except in the case of what we call "rapid cycles", that is‬ A ‭to say a minimum of 4 episodes (whatever its nature) in the year (the rapid cycles constitute approximately‬ ‭15% of PMDs, and are observed almost exclusively in women).‬ ‭Between the attacks there may be phases of remission, often lasting a few years.‬ ‭ tiology‬‭–It is unknown but genetic factors are probable (almost 80% concordance between monozygotic‬ E ‭twins).‬ ‭ ery schematically, it is possible to differentiate neuroses (psychological, somatic, behavioral disorders,‬ V ‭relatively superficial; absence of detectable anatomical lesions; persistence of the “reality system”) from‬ ‭psychoses (the psychotic patient is not aware of his disorder; partial loss of “sense of reality”; existence of‬ ‭organic forms). Anxiety neurosis (or panic attack) is often associated with agoraphobia. It combines‬ ‭several manifestations (dyspnea, palpitations, sweating, fear of dying or going crazy) and seems to involve‬ ‭genetic and biological factors (noradrenaline from the locus coeruleus).‬ ‭ hobic neurosis can be related to objects or situations. It generates either avoidance or counterphobic‬ P ‭behavior. It appears to involve genetic factors. Obsessive neurosis is often associated with Gilles de la‬ ‭Tourette syndrome. It manifests itself through obsessions (ideative, phobic, or impulsive) and‬ ‭compulsions. Conversion hysteria affects women more, but not exclusively. It can manifest itself as motor‬ ‭disorders (localized paralysis, coordination or balance disorders), sensory- sensory disorders (loss of‬ ‭sensitivity, blindness, deafness, hallucinations), or convulsions.‬ ‭ aranoid psychosis involves ego hypertrophy, a marked tendency to self-reference, and a feeling of‬ P ‭persecution. Delusions can be of interpretation, of relationships (introverted subjects, absence of acting‬ ‭out), or passionate (claims: processive quarrelsomes, idealists, hypochondriacs; unknown inventors;‬ ‭jealousy; erotomania). Manic-depressive psychosis (or bipolar psychosis, although there are unipolar‬ ‭forms) is characterized by a succession of major mood disorders, in the form of manic and depressive‬ ‭attacks, more or less separated by phases of remission. . A genetic component seems very likely.‬