Observational Learning

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Pathology 3500B | Human Pathology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

268

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Observational learning ● Learning by behavior(model ) + consequences on these behaviours ● Vicarious learning ● Classical Conditioning ○ Learner forming association ● Operant Conditioning ○ Own behavior is formed through reinforcement + punishments ● Observational Learnings ○ New behavior seen by watching ○ No experience needed nor reinforcements Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment (1961) ● Text exposure of aggressive model and see if it would reflect on children ● Participants ○ 72 preschools (male/female) between 3-6 ● Groups ○ Aggressive model group ■ Observation on adult hitting, punching at Bobo doll ○ Non-aggressive model group ■ Observation of an adult playing calmly with toys ■ Ignoring Bobo doll ○ Control group ■ No model shown ● Result ○ Aggressive model group = significant more aggressive act ○ Control and non-aggressive group shown minimal aggression ○ Boys tends to be more imitate in physical aggression ■ Both had imitated verbal aggression ● Conclusion ○ Aggression can be learned from observation ○ Not only through reinforcement ○ Demonstration of model is main source of learning Observational learning ● Positive outcomes ○ Exposing children to model of demonstrating helping , sharing or other positive factors are more likely to behave prosocially ■ Teachers as role models ■ Modelling applies to phobia treatments ● Negative outcomes ○ Children exposed to violent model ■ TV, video game ○ Adopts aggressive behaviors ○ Media violence shows exposure increases acceptance to aggression as normal behavior Bandura’s theory ● Expansion observation ○ Broader framework ○ Learning influenced by interaction ■ Beharivour ■ Cognition ■ Environment ● Reciprocal Determinism ○ Personal factors ■ Beliefs ■ Expectations ○ Behaviors ○ Environments ● Self Efficacy ○ Beflife in individauls ability to do specific task successfully ○ High self efficacy ■ Persistant ■ Motivative ■ Successful ○ Low self accficay ■ Avoidance in challenges ■ Easily giving up