Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Pathology 3500B | Human Pathology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

19

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor ● Rare type of tumor ○ Connective tissue of GI tract affected ○ Originates from Cajal ■ Used to regulate GI motility ● Most common mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract ● Could be commonly seen anywhere in gastrointestinal tract but there are few parts where it happens recurrently ○ Stomach - most common ○ Small intestine ○ Colon + rectum ○ Esophagus - less common Path ● GIST develops by mutation in gene on controlling growth ○ KIT gene mutation ○ PDGFRA gene mutation ● Uncontrolled growth of tumor cell R ● Increase in age ● Genetic mutation ● Rare hereditary syndrome Cx ● Smx on tumor size + location ○ Abdominal pain + discomfort ○ Gastrointestinal bleeding ○ Nausea/vomiting ○ Getting full quickly ○ Fatigue on blood loss ● Some pt could be asmx. In this case, tumor may be discovered incidentally Sensation of feeling full by taking up space in stomach Complications ● Gastrointestinal bleeding ● Tumor rupture ● Spread to liver or peritoneum Dx ● Imaging ○ CT scan ○ MRI ○ Endoscopy ● Examination on tissue ○ Biopsy ⇒ histological confirmation ● Immunohistochemistry ⇒ show KIT (CD117) positivity ○ Confirmation of Dx Tx ● Surgical tx ○ Surgical removal of tumor ○ Primary tx if possible ● Targeted therapy ○ Medication target on abnormal protein ⇒ tumor growth ○ ex) Imatinib - effective for KIT mutation tumor Prognosis ● Varying depending on situations ○ Tumor size ○ Location ○ Rate of tumor cell growth - mitotic rate ● Detecting early with appropriate tx will improve the outcome

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