Theta Rhythm | The University Of Western Ontario - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Pathology 3500B | Human Pathology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

416

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

Theta Wave ● Low frequency brain wave on EEG ● A/w multiple states: ○ Drowsiness ○ Light sleep ○ Certain cognitive processes ● Theta = transition of rhythm between wakefulness and sleep ● Frequency around 4-8 Hz ● Moderate amplitude ● Waveform rhythmic ○ Slower compared to alpha ● Drowsy and light sleep state ● Common on temporal / hippocampal regions When Theta Waves Occur ● Drowsiness ○ Transition into sleep ● NREM Stage 1 ○ Lightest sleep stage ● Early NREM Stage 2 ○ Is possible only to persist into early N2 ● Meditation and Relaxation ○ Deep relaxed state ● Could be commonly seen in children compared to adults Functional Role ● Sleep Transition ○ Reflect on movement from wakefulness to sleep ○ Reduced cortical arousal ● Memory Processing ○ Learning and memory encoding ○ Linked to Hippocampus activity ● Navigation / Processing of Spatial Sense ○ Hippocampal theta significant for ■ Spatial learning ■ Navigation ■ Sequencing informations ● Theta-Gamma Coupling ○ Theta rhythms coordinates gamma bursts when in memory task ○ Assist in organization of information to sequencing for encoding Neural Basis ● Theta waves generated by coordinated activity ○ Hippocampus = Memory related theta generation ○ Thalamus = Coordination of rhythm ○ Cortex = EEG expression of theta activity Cx ● Normal case ○ In sleeping adults ○ In awake children ● Abnormal case for Adults ○ Encephalopathy = Diffuse brain dysfunction ○ Injury on brain = Cortical slowing ○ ADHD = Increase in frontal theta (sometimes could be seen) - see figure above ○ Drowsiness/fatigue = Reduction in alertness Theta Waves vs other EEG Rhythms Wave Frequency State Delta 0.5–4 Hz Deep sleep Theta 4–8 Hz Drowsy/light sleep Alpha 8–13 Hz Relaxed awake Beta 13–30 Hz Alert Gamma >30 Hz High cognition

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