Cell Review Questions and Answers

cells common practice Name: 1. Date: Eukaryotic cells are di erentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells 4. A. are much smaller. A. Chromosomes B. B. have permeable membranes. C. Mitochondria D. Vacuoles C. have a higher rate of reproduction. 5. D. have nuclei. 2. Which statement about plant and animal cells is true? A. Plant cells have a nucleus and a cell wall; animal cells do not have either of these structures. B. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts; animal cells do not have either of these structures. C. Plant cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane; animal cells have a cell wall but not a cell membrane. 6. D. Plant cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria; animal cells have chloroplasts but do not have mitochondria. 3. In a cell with a high energy requirement, which organelles are found in a high concentration? 7. B. Animal cells store water inside, and plant cells do not. C. Plant cells have a cell nucleus, and animal cells do not. A. cells B. nuclei C. organs D. tissues Which of the following best describes the purpose of the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell? A. to store the genetic instructions needed to specify traits B. to release energy by breaking down food molecules C. to transport nutrients into and out of the cell A student prepared the following list of characteristics about a cellular organelle. present in animal cells present in plant cells helps make energy available to the cell Which of the following describes an important di erence between a potato plant cell and a human cell? Plant cells have a cell wall, and animal cells do not. What are the basic structural units of living organisms? D. to protect the cell from microorganisms Blight is a plant disease caused by a fungus that a ects potato plants. Some wild breeds of potato have natural resistance to the fungus. These wild potatoes contain chemical compounds that cause them to taste bad. Scientists are trying to produce potato plants that are resistant to blight but still produce potatoes that taste good. A. Lysosomes Which of the following cellular structures is the student describing? D. Animal cells perform respiration, and plant cells do not. page 1 A. cell wall B. chloroplast C. mitochondrion D. nucleus 8. Some cells, such as human nerve and muscle cells, contain many more mitochondria than do other cells, such as skin cells. Why do some cells have more mitochondria than others? A. The cells use more energy. B. The cells store more nutrients. C. The cells degrade more proteins. 10. The diagram below represents Trichodina. D. The cells divide more frequently. 9. Trichodina is a eukaryotic organism that attaches itself to sh and eats bacteria. Which of the following distinguishes Trichodina from all prokaryotes? The illustrations below represent two di erent cells. Which of the following statements best identi es these two cells? A. Cell X is a prokaryotic cell and cell Y is a eukaryotic cell. B. Cell X is an archae cell and cell Y is a eubacterial cell. C. Cell X is a red blood cell and cell Y is a muscle cell. A. Trichodina is unicellular. B. Trichodina has a nucleus. C. Trichodina has cytoplasm. D. Trichodina is heterotrophic. 11. D. Cell X is a plant cell and cell Y is an animal cell. 12. 13. page 2 Algae living in a small lake release a chemical compound that stops production of proteins in the tadpoles that live in the lake. Which structures in the tadpoles' cells will be directly a ected by this compound? A. vacuoles B. ribosomes C. chloroplasts D. mitochondria Keratin is a protein found in hair. Where in a cell is keratin made? A. the nucleus B. the vacuole C. the ribosomes D. the mitochondria A scientist wants to study photosynthesis in a newly discovered species. Which of these cell structures should the scientist study? A. vacuoles B. chloroplasts C. mitochondria D. ribosomes cells common practice 14. The following cell structures are located within cells that make proteins. Which description best explains the relationship among these cell structures in making a protein? 17. nucleus ribosome endoplasmic reticulum (ER) A. nucleus makes protein ! protein winds through the ER ! protein folds into its active shape B. nucleus directs ER to assemble the protein ! ribosomes surround protein ! protein folds into its active shape C. ER creates protein ! DNA in the nucleus codes for ribosomes to surround protein ! protein folds into its active shape 18. 16. It releases energy to the cell. B. It controls the activities of the cell. C. It stores food, water, and wastes of the cell. A chloroplast and a vacuole are alike because both store energy. B. A chloroplast and a mitochondrion are alike because both make energy from sugar. C. A cell wall and a cytoskeleton are alike because both provide rigidity and support for the cell. Materials can be moved around within a cell by using the— A. golgi bodies. B. ribosomes. C. endoplasmic reticulum. D. mitochrondrion. Which statement explains why the nucleus can be referred to as the brain of plant and animal cells? A. A. D. A cell wall and a cell membrane are alike because both surround the cell and provide the cell with protection. D. DNA in nucleus codes for protein ! protein assembled in ribosomes and moves to ER ! protein folds into its active shape 15. Which of these describes two cell structures with similar functions? 19. After a protein is constructed at the ribosome, it can be transported to the Golgi complex for modi cation. What cellular structure is used in this transport? D. It controls the materials that go into and out of the cell. A. Lysosome B. Mitochondrion What would happen if one part of a cell stopped working? C. Nuclear pore A. The cell would divide. B. The cell would not function properly. C. There would be no change in the cell. D. Endoplasmic reticulum 20. D. The cell would create a new way to produce energy. Which statement best explains the reason muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells? A. Muscle cells use more energy than skin cells. B. Muscle cells have fewer proteins than skin cells. C. Muscle cells have a smaller nucleus than skin cells. D. Muscle cells have more excess water than skin cells. page 3 cells common practice