University:
York University
Course:
HH/PSYC 3140 | Abnormal Psychology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

493

Pages:

4
Author:

Nick T.

Primary Goal of Therapy. • make the unconscious conscious-find the hidden meanings - "insight" into thoughts, feelings, and other mental activity previously outside of awareness Psychoanalytic Theory (cont.). • to deal with the id's instinctual drives, we need an outlet - ego's job is to find these outlets thru defense mechanisms ex: projection, repression, sublimation Psychosexual stages of development Humanistic Theory • humanism was a reaction against Freud's approach Carl Jung and Mifrad Adier Students of Freud basic quality of human nature is positive Overlapping terms for humanism include "nondirective", "Client-centered", and "person-centered" • Carl Rogers (1902-87) was a leading figure in person-centered therapy • major themes people are basically good people have an inborn tendency toward self-actualization people have a need for positive regard warmth, acceptance primary goal is to foster self-actualization problems stem fram Stifled self-actualization or growth therapist's task is to create a climate in which the client can resume their natural growth toward psychological wellness -Convey empathy, unconditional positive regard, genuineness - Abraham Maslow (1908-70) hierarchy of needs Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. • Once our lower-level needs are met, we aim to Satisfy our higher- level needs • Culture can influence priorities The Behavioral Method • derived from a Scientific approach to the Study of psychopathology • represents a reaction against lack of empiricism inherent in psychodynamic and humanistic approaches Behavioral Model • roots of behaviorism include Ivan Pavlov's Classical conditioning Studies with dogs in Russia John Watson's efforts to bring classical conditioning to U.S. "father of behaviorism" B.F. Skinner's and E.L. Thorndike's Studies of operant Conditioning Conditioning: the processes and procedures used to modify behaviors it is how you cause learning One way to acquire new information unconditioned = unlearned Conditioned = learned Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Actualiat Esteem Belongingand Love Safety Needs Physiological Needs Classical Conditioning (cc) • Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936): "Pavlovian Conditioning learning by association Craismaal Contieneng • unconditioned response (UR) • unconditioned Stimulus (US) neutral Stimulus Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned response (CR) The Beginnings of Behavior Therapy • Challenged psychoanalysis and non-scientific approaches early pioneers Joseph Wolpe (1915-1997) developed a variety of behavioral procedures, including: * Systematic desensitization * relaxation Operant conditioning (Thorndike; Skinner) form of learning Voluntary behavior is controlled by consequences a change of rate in behavior that is already occuring ↳responses are more or less likely to occur depending on its Consequences reinforcement and punishment learning traditions influenced the development of behavior therapy -behavior therapy tends to be time limited and direct Strong evidence supporting the efficacy of behavior therapies