University:
York University
Course:
SC/BIOL 3120 | Immunobiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

441

Pages:

2
Author:

Niklas

Innate Immunity III General Overview of Innate Immunity Three Jobs of the Innate Immune System * physical and chemical barriers to infection * cellular responses to infection * activation of adaptive immune system The Antiviral Response The Viral Genome: * How many genes are contained in your genome? 20,000-25,000 genes * How many genes are contained in the HIV genome? 9 genes * How do viruses work? virus hijack our cellular machinery to replicate themselves. The Viral Infectious Cycle: * 1) the virus has to get inside the body * 2) the virus inserts itself into the nucleus * 3) the cell begins to transcribe/translate viral protein * 4) eventually the viral cell undergoes lysis and the virus moves on to more cells * why wouldn't the traditional inflammatory response work against a virus? * Viruses are mostly located inside the cell AND the inflammatory response system is set up to fight against extracellular pathogens (intracellular) * could the smaller genome be disadvantageous to the host? * fewer genes = fewer proteins * fewer proteins fewer PAMPS →less able to recognize the viral patterns Interferons: interferons: interfere with viral replication Type 1 Interferons: IFN-α, IFN-β * produced by all nucleated cells in response to viral infection Type 2 Interferons: IFN-γ * produced by T-cells/NK cells in response to activation of adaptive immunity The Antiviral Response: antiviral response: a response that happens when a cell gets infected with a virus an infected cell cannot go back to normal viral cells MUST die apoptosis is typically induced the infected cell secretes IFN-α and IFN-β → neighboring cells recognize the interferons and induces an antiviral response express proteins that protect the cells from the virus Symptoms of viral infections: muscle pain coughing vomiting viral infections headache sore throat trachea/lung pain Type I interferons fever bland food diarrhea Flu-like symptoms acute viral infection cold bone pain sneezing nausea BECAUSE interferons are temporarily shutting down cells