Performance Losses in Groups - Social Loafing - Edubirdie

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PSY 105 | General Psychology
Academic year:

2021
Views:

41

Pages:

2
Author:

Jithin J. I.

PERFORMANCE LOSSES IN GROUPS - SOCIAL LOAFING 1. Introduction to Performance in Groups  Performance in groups can vary; sometimes it improves, and in other cases, it decreases.  We'll explore the phenomenon of social loafing and its impact on group performance. 2. The Ringelmann Effect: Historical Perspective  Origin of research on social loafing traced back to Max Ringelmann's experiments on pulling and pushing.  Ringelmann found that group performance was lower than expected based on individual strengths.  The "Ringelmann effect" became an early reference to performance losses in groups. 3. Understanding Social Loafing  Social loafing refers to an individual's reduced performance in a group compared to individual efforts.  Example: A rower produces less power in a quadruple scull boat compared to a single scull boat due to coordination demands.  Efforts to separate coordination and motivation losses in social loafing.  Ingham et al.'s blindfolded tug-of-war experiment. 4. Factors Influencing Social Loafing  Factors that increase the likelihood of social loafing:  Collective task  No evaluation of personal performance  Perceived redundancy of personal contributions  Large group  Low importance of the group for the person  Low identification with the team, low cohesion, role ambiguity, perceived unfairness, and more.  Personal characteristics like gender, cultural background, individualistic attitude, ego orientation, and narcissism can also play a role. 5. Identifiability and Motivation  High identifiability of one's performance enhances motivation.  Low identifiability reduces motivation, especially for individuals with individualistic characteristics. 6. Research in Sport Settings  Social loafing demonstrated in various sport settings, including swimming and rowing.  Quality of the opponent can influence social loafing behaviors.  Prior information about social loafing does not necessarily prevent the effect.  The concept of "preloafing" explored - reduced preparation in group tasks compared to individual tasks.

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