University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM134 | Microbiology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

456

Pages:

4
Author:

Sanjeev K

These heat changes does not violate the law 2 Second law of Thermodynamics Suppose a full gas cylinder is connected to an empty one by a tube with a valve. If the. Valve Ps opened, gas flows from the full to the empty ylinda on bolh sider. until the gas pressure is equal Inihal state Closed final state (equilibelion) Open This expansion of gas is explained by the second law of thano dynamic and a conden of matter called entropy. Entropy. Measure of randomness / Disorder of a system. greater the disorder greater the entropy. Sound low states that physical and chemical processer proced In such a way that the randomness or disorder of the unvors (system + surroundinge) increases to maximum possible. Gras will alway expand into an amply cylinder... Free energy and Reactionu Fint and sewrd laws can be combined in a useful equation, relating the chango reans and otha proussa. in anergy that can occur in Chemied Δη- ΔΗ-TAS AG change. in free energy. AH change in enthalpy. (change in heat content). T→ Temperative in Kelvin. (°C+273) AS- 1St Change in entropy. of the proportion of the total trongy change that the Il a measure of system cannot use in ponfarming It is the amount of energy in a system availabl dentattice energy change to do useful work at consteunt temperature and Pressure. - - Fice energy and antropy changes do not depend on how the system git from start to finish. Ce I Evengonic A+B GD Case II Endergonic A+B C+D. Keq = [c][0]>1.0. Keg = [][] [^][6] [A] [B] miladouris is tve (Non sponterea) su" is -ve. (spontaneour) mauve pat If the Al. I. duong Thanh ren, te endergonic Ppat is ters sgong to completo. formed Large tre change in As AG negative spontaneous. ↓ in entropy →AG tre rean less favourable. When the free energy, change for a proces. is determined Carefully defined standard condition of Conc, pressure, PH, Temp it is called Standard free energy change (AG), AG = -2.303 RTlog A+B CID keq-con of pl The rean is now in queliban rades in both directione core cqual I and no forthen net changes occure Keq. [1] [0] [][] in the cones of reactant and pat. rate of reacteres & rate of polti-laws of mass action. If the rean is spontaneous then keq >1 100 cases and In case the rean is less favourable and It requires exten assistance for the completion of the rean. AB CTD ATP ADP+ Pi The Pi is used to make the rears an exerannic on.