Oxidation Reaction in Microbial Cell

FONDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS (1) * In many biokarudations, a compound lose a eleuronec nyangen Tone (ie, 2 hychogen atorms); trex rxns are com * Called dehydrogenations ay me enzymes that cal alyn I one called dehydrogenase In some, but not all bio. orudatios a lasben atembe "covalently banded to an O₂ atom. The enzymes trut caz trere atem omdations one generally called oxidases. or if me cunmed I direulyon mm moleular 7 1 x Every oxidat must be awmpamed by a reame", in wr an e- arreptor algunes the electrons removed by oxidat 241120- Lactate denydrogen che Lalau Pyruvate An omdain reduun rxn; In this clenydrogenarn Res ala digen ions (the equivalent C-a glaulate an alcohol, to f & hy chogen atons) one narrowed fo •form pyruvate , a ketone. In cells the catalyze o by lactate dehydrogenase cy me es 0 eve tre sed ha coloutor called 'nuotinamide adenine annullot The ran is cofater Fully eversible); pyruvate Can be redund bye's fome NORNA SEDEROINGOMEN IS, (SOMERIDAPONS DECIMANN Protus common type Cellular xn is an intramoleuvter cocoseroms vedna- prey felemencar is the format of frutere 6 phaphate from lucie-6-phosphate ding Engamnerabelsinn phes pho novole on uon dono brutos-6 phosphate Clermonaty water introduces a (=(bond blow 2 carbons & Menousry were saturated (as in tre enolar 2x2) 110 40-C2 -phosphoglyceralt phosphoænd pymvak A simple (transperier of ac=c bond coux ding metaboli me comm fatty and Oleic and exeoul-10 A Boudatn (3 ly les 3 Aerty 1-con S-COA S-COA Nam 42 Oode lenty COA Do deceroyl COA S-COA Dodecanoy! (15) Oleic and as olboys con (nime enoyl-con Gomeran sugures an adutunne nyme Sronorte the lashte bond conventing the sit somen to a Homey, a normal in tormentiats in poxudath BIROOP TRAYCE PEDICTIONS & * The tromper of aye glycosys, af phaphony! groups from nucleophill to notes a common in lung call. Diy gwap inmyr phate to the Imwhy he addita janel generally!! cantonyt teratected mermediate Carmen q am aye gnags to fema Tetrahedral intomediate PHOSPHORYL GROUP TRANSFER * when a muilvopnile attarks the electophilic phosphony in AT P, a a relativery forma as a re table pentaro valent Miru icon Intermediah with departure I the leaury group (ADP), the tranfer of a phosphory, go up is complete. 1 x The large family of enzymes that catalyne phosphoryl gra transfers wim ATP en donor one called kinares (ineer lanein to more? Henokmark for eg: moves a from Atp te glinose phosphoryl (ATP) no-R aluose Adenin-Rebose-o-f. P-010--O-R O-P Glmose-6 phosphate a phosphal este AB Fa FACTOR'S AFECTTING PALUUN -Subewall one -Temp pr CD pungen of ve mymer town the Energy of alivalim; The figurrtraw the wre of a chemiral orn in which Ary Bore comerted to D. The wansin sscathe compler to representia by AB'y fre autovain energy required to reach 11 ny Ea. The colored leme represents the course of the ran in the presence of com Enzyme Note that the Ea is muun lower in the emyme fataybed ver Hyperbolic came (km Vmax Vmax Vrro Ihmal conc Enzyme alling al th mar velowly-Vmar. Michacks. Menton Evelies Va Ymon S Xm: Suburran cont reqund by tme emym to operaa ai nafis mon velour Yman-The rate of fore dult format unem the emymil saturated co Insubrateey pratry as far as pomibe The depindenu 2, This emyme actiulyupon substrate conc.." me michaels-Mencer Rauan Whin relates nih veloall CVD o me max velowy ul the rich als ubsmate gren in me fig. cont. ung tre Velouty Enzyme autruly vonu grectly wllhe wlon Changer in enironmentel the mon imponemt beng me substrate cand Ak one of the emphanzed later, subowali Conc. are usually low within Cell At strany bez it seldom centrus a substrate 1/ mon suvetrate moleuller ere present, an engine senstrales more open to the the run velouty Cinally in term of no rateg rete expre Dreduir tomarn u greuer mom al wwer subon on word. Thus there of an cheyme-catw en the om ubehathong. Eventually formes ses in suttrar uns. do not result in a greciter ran velowe bur me valtabileg ennyme molouten ere binang hoнка comesting it to pieder as rapidly as possible. 18, the enugme !! saturates, cone, cume is a hyperala " unfer to know the substades conc. om encyme nudi fun bir adequately. Usually mr Michaelis constant the substrate cone reauned for the encym te achieve ba maximal velouty, is ured to as a measure of the afpecia apperent affinity gan enyme for to russthate. Tre Love * the km value, the lo her toe mostrate conc. at which an onym Catalysts axn.. Stage - Brotuns amino cu us Stage 2 Stage 3 polysequnerrides monosachondis NADE upids alyenal fatty auds NADA- FADH naas 1-NADA • Urwate NAD 13x1P3) PADU = 2ATP GTP/ASP, IAP IT WM Inucbonylic and Irwutrau NADH- FADE J Jung dersons suunata sumpco A uglare sunnytwing 2.Keta gurtarabe J Cham Gluon traspm y tech romes ↓ 02