VZV Infection | The University Of Western Ontario - Edubirdie

University:
The University Of Western Ontario
Course:
Pathology 3500B | Human Pathology
Academic year:

2022
Views:

290

Pages:

3
Author:

Kyuwon J.

HSV-like emergency ● Neonatal VZV is present as sepsis like illness ● rapidly progress in high risk exposures ○ similar to HSV ● maternal varicella rahs ○ 5d prior to delivery to 48 hr after delivery ○ infants not receive protective and maternal antibodies ● Congenital varicella syndrome ○ in utero ○ since maternal varicella during pregnancy ■ earlier gestation ○ Could cause limb/skin/eye/CNS abnormalities ● Perinatal and neonatal varicella ○ around delivery ○ exposures after or before birth ○ the severity will depend on timing of maternal rahs ■ highest risk is maternal rash at 5d to over 48 hour of delivery ● Postnatal varicella ○ after birth ○ exposure from household or caregivers ○ mild in some cases but also can be severe in neonates ■ immunocompromised infants Transmission and pathophysiology ● VZV is spread through respiratory droplets and aerosols ○ direct contact with lesions ● Neonatal serves disease Rx ○ increase if passive maternal IgG is absent ○ maternal infection which are very near delivery Clinical presentations ● Typical varicella rahs ○ pruritic vesicles ■ crops ■ different stages ● macules ● papaules ● vesicles ● crusts ● neonatal severe disease ○ fever, poor feeding ○ lethargy and respiratory distress ○ signs of complications ■ pneumonia ■ hepatitis ■ thrombocytopenia ■ menigoencephalitis ● less common compared to HSV but is still important Complications to know ● Neonatal varicella pneumonia ○ driver of morbidity ○ early escalation once tachypnea and hypoxia ● Congenital varicella syndromes ○ Cicatricial skin lesions ■ dermatomal patterns ○ Limb hypoplasia ○ Eye distress/disease ■ choriotinitis ■ cataracts ● CNS involvements ○ microcephaly ○ cortical atrophy ○ seizures ○ developmental delay

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