Group Behavior - Psychology Exam

Exam 1 1. Someone who believes that all behaviors have a cause follows which philosophical position? *a. Determinism b. Monism c. Dualism d. Hereditarianism % Correct: 98.21 Comments: This question is referencing some of the early philosophical debates that shaped the developing field of psychology. 2. A developmental psychologist is most interested in behavior differences as a function of what? a. Neighborhood b. Culture *c. Age d. Intelligence % Correct: 91.96 Comments: 3. People tend to eat more when they are in a group than when they eat alone. Which type of psychologist studies processes like this? a. Developmental psychologist b. Organizational psychologist c. Cognitive psychologist *d. Social psychologist % Correct: 99.10 Comments: 4. When did psychology begin as a deliberate attempt to build a new science? a. During the time of Aristotle b. During the Middle Ages *c. During the late 1800s d. During the late 1900s % Correct: 83.92 Comments: 5. Which of the following is an example of a question for “basic research”? *a. Does all memory use the same mechanism, or do we have several types of memory? b. What type of educational environment is most effective for a child with disabilities? c. What is the best way to organize a company to make workers satisfied and productive? d. What is the best therapy for people with depression? % Correct: 73.21 Comments: 6. Glia cells are considered support structures for our _______ system. a. endocrine b. circulatory *c. nervous d. muscular % Correct: 99.10 Comments: 7. The reflex arc is a term used to describe a. the interaction between a species and evolution. *b. the basic communication process of neurons when responding to a stimulus. c. the structures critical for the interaction between our endocrine and nervous system. d. the basic measure of memory in primates. % Correct: 94.64 Comments: 8. A neuron is depolarized when a. it is about to commit an action potential. *b. it has just committed an action potential. c. it is receiving information from the environment. d. it has decided not to receive information from the environment. % Correct: 39.28 Comments: 9. Neuroscientists often describe the brain as consisting of ____ lobes. a. 2 *b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 % Correct: 90.17 Comments: 10. The ___________ plays a vital role in our sense of balance and motor memory. a. midbrain *b. cerebellum c. hindbrain d. sympathetic nervous system % Correct: 91.07 Comments: 11. The limbic system is located _______ the cerebral cortex. a. on the left side of *b. inside c. outside d. on the right side % Correct: 65.76 Comments: 12. Case studies like the story of H.M. have highlighted the importance of the _________ in memory. a. amygdala b. brainstem *c. hippocampus d. medulla oblongata % Correct: 91.07 Comments: 13. The primary somatosensory cortex is found a. in our frontal lobe. *b. in our parietal lobe. c. dispersed amongst all 6 lobes of the cerebral cortex. d. primarily on the left hemisphere of our 6 lobes of the cerebral cortex. % Correct: 86.48 Comments: 14. Someone experiencing “aphasia” is __________ language. *a. struggling with at least one aspect of b. learning to process new c. displaying very high levels of ability with d. unable to understand % Correct: 65.17 Comments: 15. Otto Loewi collected the fluid around a frog’s heart and injected it onto another frog’s heart. What did he demonstrate? *a. Some synapses operate by releasing chemicals. b. Synapses control complex emotional responses. c. Synapses can be either excitatory or inhibitory. d. Synapses in the periphery use the same neurotransmitters that the brain uses. % Correct: 76.78 Comments: 16. If you could get all your brain’s neurons active at the same time, what would happen? a. You would be able to perceive dimmer lights and fainter sounds than usual. *b. You would go into convulsions. c. You would improve your memory and problem-solving ability. d. You would suddenly fall asleep. % Correct: 86.60 Comments: 17. The brain’s two hemispheres communicate through the a. Sympathetic nervous system. b. Parasympathetic nervous system. *c. Corpus callosum. d. Vagus nerve. % Correct: 98.21 Comments: 18. What do EEG, MEG, PET, and fMRI measure? a. Mental illness *b. Brain activity c. Personality traits d. Intelligence % Correct: 100 Comments: 19. Which of these is true—at least based on current findings about the nervous system? a. Axons signal the intensity of a stimulus by varying the speed of action potentials. b. The right hemisphere controls the right side of the body. *c. New neurons can form in certain areas of the adult brain. d. Ordinarily, you use only about 10 percent of your brain. % Correct: 64.28 Comments: 20. What does a correlation measure? a. It measures the percentage of people who agree with a certain statement. *b. It measures the relationship between two variables. c. It measures the changes in a group of people over time. d. It measures the effect of an experimental procedure. % Correct: 100 Comments: 21. A professor presents a test in black ink for half the students and in red ink for the other half, and compares the students’ test scores. What is the dependent variable in this experiment? a. The number of students in each group b. The color of ink on the test *c. The students’ test scores d. The difficulty of the test % Correct: 82.14 Comments: 22. If most scores of a personality test are distributed far from the mean, what will be true of the standard deviation? a. It will be equal to the mean. b. It will be relatively small. *c. It will be relatively large. d. It will be very hard to determine, if it is possible to determine at all. % Correct: 91.96 Comments: 23. What makes learned responses to stimuli different from every other response to stimuli? a. Humans are the only species to display them. *b. They allow for quick adaptation to the environment. c. They are the only ones present shortly after birth. d. They require the organisms’ entire body in order to initiate them. % Correct: 90.17 Comments: 24. A plant’s ability to follow the sun throughout the day is considered a a. learned response to a stimulus. b. instinct. *c. taxis. d. reflex. % Correct: 77.67 Comments: 25. Imprinting is considered an example of a(n) a. learned response to a stimulus. *b. instinct. c. taxis. d. reflex. % Correct: 69.64 Comments: 26. Behaviorists often use food as a ___________ when conducting research with dogs, rats, and other species. *a. primary reinforcer b. secondary reinforcer c. primary punisher d. secondary punisher % Correct: 95.53 Comments: 27. Scallops (repetitive curves that appear in cumulative response charts) were said to be found in which schedule of reinforcement? a. Variable interval b. Variable ratio *c. Fixed interval d. Fixed ratio % Correct: 83.03 Comments: 28. Little Baby Albert was the subject of the work of __________________. *a. John Watson b. BF Skinner c. Ivan Pavlov d. Edward Thorndike % Correct: 92.85 Comments: 29. Gary has just been shocked for telling a lie. This shock is extremely unpleasant and definitely decreases the chance that Gary will lie again. This shock would be considered a form of a. positive reinforcement. *b. positive punishment. c. negative reinforcement. d. negative punishment. % Correct: 59.82 Comments: 30. Every time Brettany’s classmates started packing up their bags at the end of class, their teacher would send a charge of electricity through their seats—their teacher is strict. Over time, Brettany started jumping out of her seat the first second she hears her classmates start to pack up. This new behavior of Brettany in response to the packing is called a(n) __________ in classical conditioning. a. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned stimulus *c. conditioned response d. unconditioned response % Correct: 94.64 Comments: 31. A bird that eats an insect that looked like a twig now starts biting at twigs. This is an example of what? *a. Stimulus generalization b. Discrimination c. Dishabituation d. Negative reinforcement % Correct: 91.07 Comments: 32. Which of these does the social-learning approach NOT emphasize? *a. Classical conditioning b. Vicarious reinforcement and punishment c. Imitation d. Self-reinforcement % Correct: 67.85 Comments: 33. The receptor organs for our sense of smell are found in our __________. a. tongue *b. nose c. somatosensory cortex d. olfactory bulb % Correct: 47.32 Comments: 34. Your ability to know where your left arm currently lies while you take this test—even before your attention is turned to it—is a result of what sense of touch? *a. proprioception b. nociception c. interoception d. exteroception % Correct: 79.46 Comments: 35. The cells in our eyes primarily responsible for color vision are called ________. a. rods *b. cones c. iri d. optic disks % Correct: 96.42 Comments: 36. How many people have a blind spot in their eye? a. Only people who have stared directly at the sun b. Only those who had oxygen insufficiency during birth c. Only those who had measles during childhood *d. Everyone that can see % Correct: 97.32 Comments: 37. How does the opponent-process theory explain color vision? a. The brain compares responses in one retinal area to responses in another. b. The brain responds to the ratio of firing among three types of cones. *c. The brain has a red-versus-green system and a yellow-versus-blue system. d. The brain compares the amplitude of an action potential to its velocity. % Correct: 79.46 Comments: 38. What makes it difficult to determine the minimum intensity of stimulus that a person can detect? a. Variations among people in how well they understand the instructions b. Variations among people in the distance between their eyes *c. Variations in anyone’s sensitivity depending on recent experiences d. Variations in the maximum intensity of stimulus that people can perceive % Correct: 83.03 Comments: 39. How often, if at all, can someone detect a stimulus that is slightly weaker than the absolute sensory threshold? a. Never b. Only on rare occasions *c. Almost half the time d. More than 75 percent of the time % Correct: 58.03 Comments: 40. What is meant by subliminal perception? a. Intuitively understanding someone’s emotional condition based on nonverbal signals b. A behavioral influence based on something that did not reach any of your sense organs *c. A behavioral influence based on something you didn’t perceive consciously d. Incorrectly reporting the presence of a stimulus that was actually absent % Correct: 95.53 Comments: 41. Gestalt psychology emphasizes which of the following? a. Genetic differences influence how people perceive their surroundings. b. Much of our visual perception depends on neurons with feature detector properties. c. Several brain areas control different aspects of visual perception. *d. We perceive a pattern as a whole, not just as the sum of its parts. % Correct: 94.64 Comments: 42. One reversible figure can be seen either as a vase or as two profiles looking toward each other. Which Gestalt principle does this observation illustrate? a. Proximity b. Similarity c. Continuation *d. Figure and ground % Correct: 78.57 Comments: 43. As a car approaches you, you do not perceive it as growing larger, even though its image on your retina increases. What do we call this phenomenon? a. Accommodation b. Convergence c. Shape constancy *d. Size constancy % Correct: 87.5 Comments: 44. What is likely to occur when we misjudge the distance to some object or objects? a. Negative afterimages b. Size constancy *c. Optical illusions d. Motion parallax % Correct: 72.32 Comments: 45. The structure of the eye that controls the amount of light entering through our pupil is called the *a. iris. b. lens. c. fovea. d. vitreous humor. % Correct: 77.67 Comments: 46. The Ames Room is a great example of a very evolved version of a(n) a. light show. *b. optical illusion. c. operant chamber. d. classical conditioning chamber. % Correct: 97.32 Comments: 47. Bottom up processing of stimuli is closely linked to the ____________ approach to perception. a. constructivist *b. ecological c. egalitarian d. collective % Correct: 51.78 Comments: 48. If a stimulus is currently producing no automatic response to it, we would call this stimulus a a. conditioned stimulus. *b. neutral stimulus. c. unconditioned stimulus. d. primary stimulus. % Correct: 86.60 Comments: 49. A drug is an agonist if it *a. increases the activity at a synapse. b. decreases the activity at a synapse. c. kills off neurons. d. helps in generating more neurons. % Correct: 89.28 Comments: 50. Phantom limb pain shows the importance of the _______ when discussing how our sense of touch works. *a. brain's plasticity b. nerves on the skin c. nerves along the spinal cord d. activity throughout the frontal lobe % Correct: 47.32 Comments: