NCLEX Study Guide

DO NOT delegate what you can EAT! E-evaluate A-assess T-teach addisons down, down down up down cushings up up up down up addisons= hyponatremia, hypotension, decreased blood vol, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia cushings hypernatremia, hypertension, incrased blood vol, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia No Pee, no K (do not give potassium without adequate urine output) Elevate Veins; dAngle Arteries for better perfusion A= appearance (color all pink, pink and blue, blue [pale]) P= pulse (>100, < 100, absent) G= grimace (cough, grimace, no response) A= activity (flexed, flaccid, limp) R= respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent) TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS: AIRBORNE My Measles Chicken - Chicken Pox/Varicella Hez - Herpez Zoster/Shingles TB or remember... MTV=Airborne Measles TB Varicella-Chicken Pox/Herpes Zoster-Shingles Private Room negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges/hr Mask, N95 for TB DROPLET think of SPIDERMAN! S - sepsis S-scarlet fever S - streptococcal pharyngitis P - parvovirus B19 P - pneumonia P - pertussis I- influenza D-diptheria (pharyngeal) E - epiglottitis R-rubella M - mumps M - meningitis M - mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia An - Adenovirus Private Room or cohort Mask CONTACT PRECAUTION MRS.WEE M - multidrug resistant organism R - respiratory infection S - skin infections * W wound infxn E - enteric infxn - clostridium difficile E - eye infxn - conjunctivitis SKIN INFECTIONS VCHIPS V- varicella zoster C - cutaneous diphtheria H - herpez simplex I - impetigo P- pediculosis S - scabies 1. Air/Pulmonary Embolism (S&S: chest pain, difficulty breathing, tachycardia, pale/cyanotic, sense of impending doom) --> turn pt to left side and lower the head of the bed. 2. Woman in Labor w/ Un-reassuring FHR (late decels, decreased variability, fetal bradycardia, etc) --> turn on left side (and give 02, stop Pitocin, increase IV fluids) 3. Tube Feeding w/ Decreased LOC --> position pt on right side (promotes emptying of the stomach) with the HOB elevated (to prevent aspiration) 4. During Epidural Puncture --> side-lying 5. After Lumbar Puncture (and also oil-based Myelogram)--> pt lies in flat supine (to prevent headache and leaking of CSF) 6. Pt w/ Heat Stroke --> lie flat w/ legs elevated 7. During Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) --> catheter is taped to thigh so leg should be kept straight. No other positioning restrictions. 8. After Myringotomy --> position on side of affected ear after surgery (allows drainage of secretions) 9. After Cataract Surgery --> pt will sleep on unaffected side with a night shield for 1-4 weeks. 10. After Thyroidectomy --> low or semi-Fowler's, support head, neck and shoulders. 11. Infant w/ Spina Bifida --> position prone (on abdomen) so that sac does not rupture 12. Buck's Traction (skin traction) --> elevate foot of bed for counter-traction 13. After Total Hip Replacement --> don't sleep on operated side, don't flex hip more than 45-60 degrees, don't elevate HOB more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip abduction by separating thighs with pillows. 14. Prolapsed Cord --> knee-chest position or Trendelenburg 15. Infant w/ Cleft Lip --> position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to suture line.. While feeding, hold in upright position. 16. To Prevent Dumping Syndrome (post-operative ulcer/stomach surgeries) --> eat in reclining position, lie down after meals for 20-30 minutes (also restrict fluids during meals, low CHO and fiber diet, small frequent meals) 17. Above Knee Amputation --> elevate for first 24 hours on pillow, position prone daily to provide for hip extension. 18. Below Knee Amputation --> foot of bed elevated for first 24 hours, position prone daily to provide for hip extension. 19. Detached Retina --> area of detachment should be in the dependent position 20. Administration of Enema --> position pt in left side-lying (Sim's) with knee flexed 21. After Supratentorial Surgery (incision behind hairline) --> elevate HOB 30-45 degrees 22. After Infratentorial Surgery (incision at nape of neck)--> position pt flat and lateral on either side. 23. During Internal Radiation --> on bedrest while implant in place 24. Autonomic Dysreflexia/Hyperreflexia (S&S: pounding headache, profuse sweating, nasal congestion, goose flesh, bradycardia, hypertension) --> place client in sitting position (elevate HOB) first before any other implementation. 25. Shock --> bedrest with extremities elevated 20 degrees, knees straight, head slightly elevated (modified Trendelenburg) 26. Head Injury --> elevate HOB 30 degrees to decrease intracranial pressure 27. Peritoneal Dialysis when Outflow is Inadequate --> turn pt from side to side BEFORE checking for kinks in tubing (according to Kaplan) 28. Lumbar puncture => AFTER the procedure, the client should be placed in the supine position for 4 to 12 hrs as prescribed. (Saunders 3rd ed p. 229) Demorol for pancreatitis, NOT morphine sulfate Myasthenia Gravis: worsens with exercise and improves with rest. Myasthenia Crisis: a positive reaction to Tensilon--will improve symptoms Cholinergic Crisis: caused by excessive medication-stop med-giving Tensilon will make it worse Head injury medication: Mannitol (osmotic diuretic)-crystallizes at room temp so ALWAYS use filter needle Prior to a liver biospy its important to be aware of the lab result for prothrombin time From the a** (diarrhea) metabolic acidosis From the mouth (vomitus)=metabolic alkalosis Myxedema/hypothyroidism: slowed physical and mental function, sensitivity to cold, dry skin and hair Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism: accelerated physical and mental function; sensitivity to heat, fine/soft hair Thyroid storm: increased temp, pulse and HTN Post-thyroidectomy: semi-Fowler's, prevent ncek flexion/hyperextension, trach at bedside Hypo-parathyroid: CATS convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms, stridor (decreased calcium), high Ca, low phosphorus diet Hyper-parathyroid: fatigue, muscle weakness, renal calculi, back and joint pain (increased calcium), low Ca, high phosphorus diet Hypovolemia incrased temp, rapid/weak pulse, increase respiration, hypotension, anxiety, urine specific gravity >1.030 Hypervolemia bounding pulse, SOB, dyspnea, rares/crackles, peripheral edema, HTN, urine specific gravity <1.010; Semi-Fowler's Diabetes Insipidus (decreased ADH): excessive urine output and thirst, dehydration, weakness, administer Pitressin SIADH (increased ADH): change in LOC, decreased deep tendon reflexes, tachycardia, n/v/a, HA; administer Declomycin, diuretics Hypokalemia: muscle ewakness, dysrhythmias, increase K (raisins, bananas, apricots, oranges, beans, potatoes, carrots, celery) Hyperkalemia: MURDER muscle weakness, urine (oliguria/anuria), respiratory depression, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG changes, reflexes Hyponatremia: nausea, muscle cramps, increased ICP, muscular twitching, convulsion; osmotic diuretics, fluids Hypernatremia: increased temp, weakness, disorientation/delusions, hypotension, tachycardia; hypotonic solution Hypocalcemia: CATS convulsions, arrhythmias, tetany, spasms and stridor Hypercalcemia: muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon reflexes, sedative effect on CNS HypoMg: tremors, tetany, seizures, dyrshythmias, depression, confusion, dysphagia; dig toxicity HyperMg: depresses the CNS, hypotension, facial flushing, muscle ewakness, absent deep tendon reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency Addison's: hypoNa, hyperk, hypoglycemia, dark pigmentation, decreased resistance to stress, fractures, alopecia, weight loss, GI distress Cushings: hyperNa, hypok, hyperglycemia, prone to infection, muscle wasting, weakness, edema, HTN, hirsutism, moonface/buffalo hump Addisonian crisis: n/v, confusion, abdominal pain, extreme weakness, hypoglycemia, dehydration, decreased BP Pheochromocytoma: hypersecretion of epi/norepi, persistent HTN, increased HR, hyperglycemia, diaphoresis, tremor, pounding HA; avoid stress, frequent bating and rest breaks, avoid cold and stimulating foods, surgery to remove tumor 1. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): -NMS is like S&M; -you get hot (hyperpyrexia) -stiff (increased muscle tone) -sweaty (diaphoresis) -BP, pulse, and respirations go up & -you start to drool 2. I kept forgetting which was dangerous when you're pregnant; regular measles (rubeola), or German measles (rubella), so remember: -never get pregnant with a German (rubella) 3. When drawing up regular insulin & NPH together, remember: -RN (regular comes before NPH) 4. Tetralogy of fallot; remember HOPS Think DROP(child drops to floor or squats) or POSH Defect, septal Right Ventricular hypertrophy Overriding aorts Pulmonary stenosis 5. MAOI's that are used as antidepressants: weird way to remember, I know. pirates say arrrr, so think; pirates take MAOI's when they're depressed. - explanation; MAOI's used for depression all have an arrr sound in the middle (Parnate, Marplan, Nardil) Autonomic dysreflexia: potentially life threatening emergency elevate head of bed to 90 degree loosen constrictive clothing assess for bladder distention and bowel impaction (triger) Administer antihypertensive meds (may cause stroke, MI, seisure) easy way to remember MAOI'S! think of PANAMA! PA - parnate NA nardil MA - marplan metallic bitter taste. Digoxin-check pulse, less than 60 hold, check dig levels and potassium levels. Amphojel: tx of GERD and kidney stones....watch out for contipation. Vistaril: tx of anxiety and also itching...watch for dry mouth. given preop commonly Versed: given for conscious sedation...watch for resp depression and hypotension PTU and Tapazole- prevention of thyroid storm Sinemet: tx of parkinson...sweat, saliva, urine may turn reddish brown occassionally...causes drowsiness Artane: tx of parkinson..sedative effect also Cogentin: tx of parkinson and extrapyramidal effects of other drugs Tigan: tx of postop n/v and for nausea associated with gastroenteritis Timolol (Timoptic)-tx of gluacoma Bactrim: antibiotic..dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs...diarrhea common side effect...drink plenty of fluids Gout Meds: Probenecid (Benemid), Colchicine, Allopurinol (Zyloprim) Apresoline(hydralazine)-tx of HTN or CHF, Report flu-like symptoms, rise slowly from sitting/lying position; take with meals. Bentyl: tx of irritable bowel....assess for anticholinergic side effects. Calan (verapamil): calcium channel blocker: tx of HTN, angina...assess for constipation Carafate: tx of duodenal ulcers..coats the ulcer...so take before meals. Theophylline: tx of asthma or COPD..therap drug level: 10-20 Mucomyst is the antedote to tylenol and is administered orally Diamox: tx of glaucoma, high altitude sickness...dont take if allergic to sulfa drugs Indocin: (nsaid) tx of arthritis (osteo, rhematoid, gouty), bursitis, and tendonitis. Synthroid: tx of hypothyroidism..may take several weeks to take effect...notify doctor of chest pain..take in the AM on empty stomach..could cause hyperthyroidism. Librium: tx of alcohol w/d...dont take alchol with this...very bad nausea and vomiting can occur. Oncovin (vincristine): tx of leukemia..given IV ONLY kwell: tx of scabies and lice... (scabies) apply lotion once and leave on for 8-12 hours...(lice) use the shampoo and leave on for 4 minutes with hair uncovered then rinse with warm water and comb with a fine tooth comb Premarin:tx after menopause estrogen replacement Dilantin: tx of seizures. thera drug level: 10-20 Navane: tx of schizophrenia..assess for EPS Ritalin: tx of ADHD..assess for heart related side effects report immediately...child may need a drug holiday b/c it stunts growth.. dopamine (Intropine): tx of hypotension, shock, low cardiac output, poor perfusion to vital organs...monitor EKG for arrhythmias, monitor BP Have trouble remembering fhr patterns in OB? Think VEAL CHOP VC EH AO LP V = variable decels; C = cord compression caused E = early decels; H = head compression caused A = accels; O = okay, not a problem! L = late decels = placental insufficiency, can't fill For cord compression, place the mother in the TRENDELENBERG position because this removes pressure of the presenting part off the cord. (If her head is down, the baby is no longer being pulled out of hte body by gravity) If the cord is prolapsed, cover it with sterile saline gauze to prevent drying of the cord and to minimize infection. For late decels, turn the mother to her left side, to allow more blood flow to the placenta. For any kind of bad fetal heart rate pattern, you give 02, often by mask... When doing an epidural anesthesia hydration before hand is a priority. Hypotension and bradypnea / bradycardia are major risks and emergencies. NEVER check the monitor or a machine as a first action. Always assess the patient first; for exmaple listen to the fetal heart tones with a stethoscope in NCLEX land. Sometimes it's hard to tell who to check on first, the mother or the baby; it's usually easy to tell the right answer if the mother or baby involves a machine. If you're not sure who to check first, and one of the choices involves the machine, that's the wrong answer. If the baby is a posterior presentation, the sounds are heard at the sides. If the baby is anterior, the sounds are heard closer to midline, between teh umbilicus and where you would listen to a posterior presentation. If the baby is breech, the sounds are high up in the fundus near the umbilicus. If the baby is vertex, they are a little bit above the symphysis pubis. Also for ventilator alarms HOLD High alarm- Obstruction due to incr. secretions, kink, pt. coughs, gag or bites Low press alarm- Disconnection or leak in ventilatior or in pt. airway cuff, pt. stops spontaneous breathing 1. to remember blood sugar: hot and dry-sugar high (hyperglycemia) cold and clammy-need some candy (hypoglycemia) 2. ICP AND SHOCK HAVE OPPOSITE V/S ICP-increased BP, decreased pulse, decreased resp. shock- decreased BP, increased pulse, increased resp. 3. cor pulmonae: right sided heart failure caused by left ventricular failure (so pick edema, jvd, if it is a choice.) 4. herion withdrawal neonate: irratable poor sucking 5. Jews: no meat and milk together 6. Brachial pulse: pulse area cpr on an infant. 7. Test child for lead poisioning around 12 months of age 8. bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits source of potassium 11. Cultures are obtained before starting IV antibiotics 12. a pt with leukemia may have epitaxis b/c of low platelets 13. best way to warm a newborn: skin to skin contact covered with a blanket on mom. 14. when a pt comes in and she is in active labor...nurse first action is to listen to fetal heart tone/rate 15. phobic disorders...use systematic desensitiztion. NCLEX TIPS 1. When getting down to two answers, choose the assessment answer (assess, collect, auscultate, monitor, palpate) over the intervention except in an emergency or distress situation. If one answer has an absolute, discard it. Give priority to answers that deal directly to the patient's body, not the machines/equipments. 2. Key words are very important. Avoid answers with absolutes for example: always, never, must, etc. 3. with lower amputations patient is placed in prone position. 4. small frequent feedings are better than larger ones. 5. Assessment, teaching, meds, evaluation, unstable patient cannot be delegated to an Unlicensed Assistive Personnel. 6. LVN/LPN cannot handle blood. 7. Amynoglycosides (like vancomycin) cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. 8. IV push should go over at least 2 minutes. 9. If the patient is not a child an answer with family option can be ruled out easily. 10. In an emergency, patients with greater chance to live are treated first 11. ARDS (fluids in alveoli), DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulaton) are always secondary to something else (another disease process). 12. Cardinal sign of ARDS is hypoxemia (low oxygen level in tissues). 13. in pH regulation the 2 organs of concern are lungs/kidneys. 14. edema is in the interstitial space not in the cardiovascular space. 15. weight is the best indicator of dehydration 16. wherever there is sugar (glucose) water follows. 17. aspirin can cause Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy) when given to children 18. when aspirin is given once a day it acts as an antiplatelet. 19. use Cold for acute pain (eg. Sprain ankle) and Heat for chronic ( rheumatoid arthritis) 20. guided imagery is great for chronic pain. 21. when patient is in distress, medication administration is rarely a good choice. 22. with pneumonia, fever and chills are usually present. For the elderly confusion is often present. 23. Always check for allergies before administering antibiotics (especially PCN). Make sure culture and sensitivity has been done before adm. First dose of antibiotic. 24. Cor pulmonale (s/s fluid overload) is Right sided heart failure caused by pulmonary disease, occurs with bronchitis or emphysema. 25. COPD is chronic, pneumonia is acute. Emphysema and bronchitis are both COPD. 26. in COPD patients the baroreceptors that detect the CO2 level are destroyed. Therefore, 02 level must be low because high 02 concentration blows the patient's stimulus for breathing. 27. exacerbation: acute, distress. 28. epi always given in TB syringe. 29. prednisone toxicity: cushing's syndrome buffalo hump, moon face, high glucose, hypertension. 30. 4 options for cancer management: chemo, radiation, surgery, allow to die with dignity. 31. no live vaccines, no fresh fruits, no flowers should be used for neutropenic patients. 32. chest tubes are placed in the pleural space. 33. angina (low oxygen to heart tissues) = no dead heart tissues. MI= dead heart tissue present. 34. mevacor (anticholesterol med) must be given with evening meal if it is QD (per day). 35. Nitroglycerine is administered up to 3 times (every 5 minutes). If chest pain does not stop go to hospital. Do not give when BP is < 90/60. 36. Preload affects amount of blood that goes to the R ventricle. Afterload is the resistance the blood has to overcome when leaving the heart. 37. Calcium channel blocker affects the afterload. 38. for a CABG operation when the great saphenous vein is taken it is turned inside out due to the valves that are inside. 39. unstable angina is not relieved by nitro. 40. dead tissues cannot have PVC's(premature ventricular contraction. If left untreated pvc's can lead to VF (ventricular fibrillation). 41. 1 t (teaspoon) = 5 ml 1 T(tablespoon)= 3 t = 15ml 1 oz = 30 ml 1 cup= 8 oz 1 quart= 2 pints 1 pint= 2 cups 1 gr (grain)= 60 mg 1 g (gram)= 1000 mg 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 Ib = 16 oZ * To convert Centigrade to F. F = C + 40 multiply 9/5 and substract 40 * To convert Fahrenheit to C. C = F + 40 multiply 5/9 and substract 40. 42. angiotensin II in the lungs potent vasodialator. Aldosterone attracts sodium. 43. REVERSE AGENTS FOR TOXICITY heparin protamine sulfate coumadin= vitamin k ammonia lactulose acetaminophen= n-Acetylcysteine. Iron deferoxamine Digitoxin, digoxin= digibind. Alcohol withdraw Librium. methadone is an opioid analgesic used to detoxify/treat pain in narcotic addicts. Potassium potentiates dig toxicity. 44. heparin prevents platelet aggregation. 45. PT/PTT are elevated when patient is on coumadin 46. cardiac output decreases with dysrythmias. Dopamine increases BP. 47. Med of choice for Vtach is lidocaine 48. Med of choice for SVT is adenosine or adenocard 49. Med of choice for Asystole (no heart beat) is atropine 50. Med of choice for CHF is Ace inhibitor. 51. Med of choice for anaphylactic shock is Epinephrine 52. Med of choice for Status Epilepticus is Valium. 53. Med of choice for bipolar is lithium. 54. Amiodorone is effective in both ventricular and atrial complications. 55. S3 sound is normal in CHF, not normal in MI. 56. give carafate (GI med) before meals to coat stomach 57. Protonix is given prophylactically to prevent stress ulcers. 58. after endoscopy check gag reflex. 59. TPN(total parenteral nutrition) given in subclavian line. 60. low residue diet means low fiver 61. diverticulitis (inflammation of the diverticulum in the colon) pain is around LL quadrant. 62. Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) pain is in RL quadrant with rebound tenderness. 63. portal hypotension + albuminemia Ascites. 64. beta cells of pancreas produce insulin 65. Morphine is contraindicated in Pancreatitis. It causes spasm of the Sphincter of Oddi. Therefore Demerol should be given. 66. Trousseau and Tchovoski signs observed in hypocalcemia 67. with chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic enzymes are given with meals. 68. Never give K+ in IV push. 69. mineral corticoids are give in Addison's disease. 70. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)= when body is breaking down fat instead of sugar for energy. Fats leave ketones (acids) that cause pH to decrease. 71. DKA is rare in diabetes mellitus type II because there is enough insulin to prevent breakdown of fats. 72. Sign of fat embolism is petechiae. Treated with heparin. 73. for knee replacement use continuous passive motion machine. 74. give prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedure. 75. glaucoma patients lose peripheral vision. Treated with meds 76. cataract cloudy, blurry vision. Treated by lens removal-surgery 77. Co2 causes vasoconstriction. 78. most spinal cord injuries are at the cervical or lumbar regions 79. autonomic dysreflexia (life threatening inhibited sympathetic response of nervous system to a noxious stimulus- patients with spinal cord injuries at T-7 or above) is usually caused by a full bladder. 80. spinal shock occurs immediately after spinal injury 81. Multiple sclerosis myelin sheat destruction, disruption in nerve impulse conduction. 82. myasthenia gravis decrease in receptor sites for acetylcholine. Since smallest concentration of ACTH receptors are in cranial nerves, expect fatigue and weakness in eye, mastication, pharyngeal muscles. 83. Tensilon test given if muscle is tense in myasthenia gravis. 84. Guillain-Barre syndrome ascending paralysis. Keep eye on respiratory system. 85. parkinson's = RAT: rigidity, akinesia (loss of muscle mvt), tremors. Treat with levodopa. 86. TIA (transient ischemic attack) mini stroke with no dead brain tissue 87. CVA (cerebrovascular accident) is with dead brain tissue. 88. Hodgkin's disease cancer of lymph is very curable in early stage. 89. Rule of NINES for burns Head and Neck= 9% Each upper ext= 9% Each lower ext= 18% Front trunk= 18% Back trunk= 18% Genitalia 1%? 90. Birth weight doubles by 6 month and triple by 1 year of age. 91. if HR is <100 do not give dig to children. 92. first sign of cystic fibrosis may be meconium ileus at birth. Baby is inconsolable, do not eat, not passing meconium. 93. heart defects. Remember for cyanotic -3T's(Tof, Truncys arteriosus, Transposition of the great vessels). Prevent blood from going to heart. If problem does not fix or cannot be corrected surgically, CHF will occur following by death. 94. with R side cardiac cath=look for valve problems 95. with L side in adults look for coronary complications. 96. rheumatic fever can lead to cardiac valves malfunctions. 97. cerebral palsy poor muscle control due to birth injuries and/or decrease oxygen to brain tissues. 98. ICP (intracranial pressure) should be <2. measure head circonference. 99. dilantin level (10-20). Can cause gingival hyperplasia 100. for Meningitis check for Kernig's/ Brudzinski's signs. 101. Wilm's tumor is usually encapsulated above the kidneys causing flank pain. 102. hemophilia is x-linked. Mother passes disease to son. 103. when phenylalanine increases, brain problems occur. 104. Buck's traction knee immobility 105. Russell traction femur or lower leg 106. Dunlap traction skeletal or skin 107. Bryant's traction= children <3y, <35 lbs with femur fx. 108. place apparatus first then place the weight when putting traction 109. placenta should be in upper part of uterus 110. eclampsia is seizure. 111. a patient with a vertical c-section surgery will more likely have another c-section. 112. perform amniocentesis before 20 weeks gestation to check for cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities. 113. Rh- mothers receive rhogam to protect next baby. 114. anterior fontanelle closes by 18 months. Posterior 6 to 8 weeks. 115. caput succedaneum diffuse edema of the fetal scalp that crosses the suture lines. Swelling reabsorbs within 1 to 3 days. 116. pathological jaundice occurs before 24hrs and last7 days. Physiological jaundice occurs after 24 hours. 117. placenta previa = there is no pain, there is bleeding. Placenta abruption = pain, but no bleeding. 118. bethamethasone (celestone)=surfactant. Med for lung expansion. 119. dystocia baby cannot make it down to canal 120. pitocin med used for uterine stimulation 121. Magnesium sulfate(used to halt preterm labor) is contraindicated if deep tendon reflexes are ineffective. If patient experiences seizure during magnesium adm. Get the baby out stat (emergency). 122. Do not use why or I understand statement when dealing with patients 123. milieu therapy= taking care of patient/environment 124. cognitive therapy counseling 126. FIVE INTERVENTIONS FOR PSYCH PATIENTS 125. crisis intervention=short term. -safety -setting limits -establish trusting relationship -meds -leas restrictive methods/environment. 126. SSRI's (antidepressants) take about 3 weeks to work. 127. Obsession is to thought. Compulsion is to action 128. if patients have hallucinations redirect them. In delusions distract them. 129. Thorazine, haldol (antipsychotic) can lead to EPS (extrapyramidal side effects) 130. Alzheimer's disease is a chronic, progressive, degenerative cognitive disorder that accounts for more than 60% of all dementias 1. To remember how to draw up INSULIN think: Nicole Richie RN (a teacher taught us this is school, thought it was funny and never forgot it!!!) Air into NPH, then air into regular, draw up regular then draw up NPH 2. HYPERthyroidism think of MICHAEL JACKSON in THRILLER! SKINNY, NERVOUS, BULDGING EYES, Up all night, heart beating fast Atropine used to decrease secretions Phenergan an antiemetic used to reduce nausea Diazepam is a commonly used tranquilizer given to reduce anxiety before OR Demerol is for pain control Do not give demerol to pts. with sickle cell crisis. Iron injections should be given Z-track so they don't leak into SQ tissues. All Physicians Earn Too Much Money Or APE TO Man Cranial Nerves: *I am sorry if this vulgar for some, but hey, it sticks Sensory=S Motor=M Both=B Oh (Olfactory I) Oh (Optic II) Oh (Oculomotor III) To (Trochlear IV) Touch (Trigeminal V) And (Abducens VI) Feel (Facial VII) A (Auditory VIII) Girls (Glossopharyngeal IX) Vagina (Vagus X) And (Accessory XI) Hymen (Hypoglassal XII) Hyper natremia (greater than 145) Skin flushed Agitation Low grade fever Thirst Developmental 2-3 months: turns head side to side 4-5 months: grasps, switch & roll 6-7 months: sit at 6 and waves bye-bye 8-9 months: stands straight at eight 10-11 months: belly to butt (phrase has 10 letters) 12-13 months: twelve and up, drink from a cup Hepatitis Hepatitis: -ends in a VOWEL, comes from the BOWEL (Hep A) Hepatitis B=Blood and Bodily fluids Hepatitis C is just like B Apgar measures HR, RR, Muscle tone, Reflexes, Skin color each 0-2 point. 8-10 OK. 0-3 RESUSCITATE. GLASGOW COMA SCALE. EYES, VERBAL, MOTOR! It is similar to measuring dating skills...max 15 points -one can do it if below 8 you are in Coma. So, to start dating you gotta open your EYES first, if you albe to do that spontaneously and use them correctly to SEE whom you dating you earn 4. But if she has to scream on you to make you open them it is only 3....and 1 you dont care to open even if she tries to hurt you. if you get good EYE contact (4 points) then move to VERBAL. talk to her/ him! if you can do that You are really ORIENTED in situation she/he uncontiously gives you 4 points! if you like her try not to be CONFUSED (3), and of cause do not use INAPPROPRIATE WORDS (3), she will not like it)), try not to RESPOND WITH INCOMPREHENSIBLE SOUNDS (2), if you do not like her-just show no VERBAL RESPONSE(1) Since you've got EYE and VERBAL contact you can MOVE now using your Motor Response Points. THis is VERY important since Good moves give you 6! The person who hyperventilates is most likely to experience respiratory alkalosis. avoid salt substitutes when taken dig and k-supplements because many are potassium based Signs of hypoxia: restless, anxious, cyanotic tachycardia, increased resps. (also monitor ABG's) Addison's disease (need to "add" hormone) Cushing's syndrome (have extra "cushion" of hormones) Dumping syndrome: increase fat and protein, small frequent meals, lie down after meal to decrease peristalsis, wait 1 hr after meals to drink. For blood types: "O" is the universal donor (remember "o" in donor) "AB" is the universal receipient Disseminated Herpes Zoster is AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS, as to Localized Herpes Zoster is CONTACT PRECAUTIONS. A nurse with a localized herpes zoster CAN care for patients as long as the patients are NOT immunosuppressed and the lesions must be covered! Fat soluble vitamins are Vitamins A, D, E, K Give NSAIDS, Corticosteroids, drugs for Bipolar, Cephalosporins, and Sulfanomides WITH food. Ativan is the treatment of choice for status epilepticus When using a bronchodilator inhaler inconjuction with a glucocorticoid inhaler, administer the bronchodilator first Theophylline increases the risk of digoxin toxicity and decreases the effects of lithium and Dilantin INtal, an inhaler used to treat allergy induced asthma may cause bronchospasm, think... INto the asthmatic lung Isoniazid causes peripheral neuritis Peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori are treated with Flagyl, Prilosec and Biaxin. This treatment kills bacteria and stops production of stomach acid, but does not heal ulcer. Weighted NI (Naso intestinal tubes) must float from stomach to intestine. Don't tape the tube right away after placement, may leave coiled next to pt on HOB. Position patient on RIGHT to facilitate movement through pylorus. * Diaphragm must stay in place 6 hours after intercourse. They are also fitted so must be re-fitted if you lose or gain a significant amount of weight. * Best time to take Growth Hormone PM, Steroids AM, Diuretics AM, Aricept AM. * Carafate (Sulcrafate) before meals (mucosal barrier; constipation) * Tagamet with food (H2; messes with elderly ppl be careful! Interacts with alot of things) *Antacids after meals * Long term use of amphogel (binds to phosphates, increases Ca, robs the bones...leads to increased Ca resortion from bones and WEAK BONES) *Cushings ulcers r/t BRAIN injury *Cushings triad r/t ICP in BRAIN (htn, bradycard, irr. resp) *Thyroid storm is HOT (hyperthermia) *Myxedema coma is COLD (hypothermia) *Glaucoma intraocular pressure is greater than the normal (22 mm Hg), give miotics to constrict (pilocarpine) NO ATROPINE. * Non dairy sources of calcium include RHUBARB, SARDINES, COLLARD GREENS * You can petal the rough edges of a plaster cast with tape to avoid skin irritation. *With low back aches, bend knees to relieve * Push fluids with Allopurinol flush the uric acid out of system * Koplick's spots are red spots with blue center characteristic of PRODROMAL stage of Measles. Usually in mouth. * INH can cause peripheral neuritis, take Vit B6 to prevent also hepatotoxic * Rifampin - Red orange tears and urine, also contraceptives don't work as well * Ethambutol messes with your Eyes * Apply eye drop to conjunctival sac and after wards apply pressure to nasolacrimal duct / inner canthus * Pancreatitis patients but them in fetal position, NPO, gut rest, prepare antecubital site for PICC cuz they'll probably be getting TPN/Lipids * Trendelenburg test for varicose veins. If they fill proximally = varicosity. Rule of nines, 9 head, 18 arms, 36 torso, 36 legs, and 1= perineum = 100% When giving Kayexalate we need to worry about dehydration (K ha ineverse relationship with Na) Yogurt has live cultures- dont give to immunosuppressed pt Itching under cast area- cool air via blow dryer, ice pack for 10-15 minutes. NEVER use qtip or anything to scratch area Murphy's sign pain with palpation of gall bladder area seen with cholecystitis Cullen's sign ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis Turner's sign flank grayish blue (turn around to see your flanks) pancreatitis McBurney's Point pain in RLQ indicative of appendicitis LLQ - diverticulitis, low residue, no seeds, nuts, peas RLQ - appendicitis, watch for peritonitis Guthrie Test - Tests for PKU, baby should have eaten source of protein first Shilling Test test for pernicious anemia/ how well one absorbs Vit b12 Allen's test occlude both ulnar and radial artery until hand blanches then release ulnar. If the hand pinks up, ulnar artery is good and you can carry on with ABG/radial stick as planned. ABGS must be put on ice and whisked to the lab. oIt's ok to have abdominal craps, blood tinged outflow and leaking around site if the Peritoneal Dialysis cath (tenkhoff) was placed in the last 1-2 wks. Cloudy outflow NEVER NORMAL. oAmniotic fluid yellow with particles meconium stained oHyper reflexes (upper motor neuron issue "your reflexes are over the top") oAbsent reflexes (lower motor neuron issue) oRhogam: given at 28 weeks, 72 hours post partum, IM. Only given to Rh NEGATIVE mother. Also if indirect Coomb's test is positive, don't need to give Rhogam cuz she has antibody only give if negative coombs oVit K is to coumadin as Protamine Sulfate is to Heparin as Ca Glu is to MgSo4 as Mucomyst is to Acetominophen as Amicar is to TPA...get it? Antidotes/treatments for overdose Order of assessment: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion and Ausculation. EXCEPT with abdomen cuz you don't wanna mess with the bowels and their sounds so you Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss then Palpate (same with kids, I suppose since you wanna go from least invasive to most invasive sine they will cry BLOOD MURDER! Gotta love them kids!) Latex allergies => Assess for allergies to bananas, apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwis, passion fruit, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes, peaches