Exam #4 Review — Concepts 1 (ATI / Potter & Perry Style)

Exam #4 Review — Concepts 1 (ATI / Potter & Perry Style) ? **Delegation Principles** • RN – DO NOT delegate: Assessment, Evaluation, Critical Thinking, Teaching, or Blood Transfusions. • LPN – Cannot: Evaluate, Assess, or Teach (EAT). May administer meds, reinforce teaching, suction/trach care on stable patients. • UAP – May: Bathe, dress, ambulate, toilet, position, take vitals on stable patients, feed (no dysphagia), make beds, collect specimens. ? **Infection Control & Hand Hygiene** Method When Used Steps Soap & Water After body fluids, eating, restroom, leaving ?20 sec, warm water, dry w/ paper towel, use towel airborne room to turn off faucet Alcohol-Based Sanitizer When not visibly soiled Use 3–5 mL and rub until dry **Chain of Infection:** "I Really Prefer Making People Sick" — Infectious Agent ? Reservoir ? Portal of Exit ? Mode of Transmission ? Portal of Entry ? Susceptible Host. **HAIs:** CAUTI, CLABSI, SSI, VAP, HAP, CDI. ? **Stages of Infection** Mnemonic: "I Pee In Cows" Stage Description Incubation Pathogen present, no symptoms. Prodromal Mild, nonspecific symptoms. Illness Peak symptoms, most contagious. Convalescence Recovery, symptoms improve. Localized infection: redness, swelling, warmth. Systemic infection: fever, chills, fatigue. ? **Transmission-Based Precautions** Type PPE Examples Standard Hand hygiene, gloves, gown/mask if splash All patients Contact Gloves, gown MRSA, C. diff, Scabies, Hepatitis A Droplet Mask, gown, goggles Influenza, Mumps, RSV, Rubella, Meningitis Airborne N95, negative pressure room TB, Measles, Varicella Protective Positive pressure room, no flowers, mask for patient Chemo, transplant, low WBC (<4500) ? **Safety & Emergencies** **Fire Safety:** RACE = Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish. PASS = Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep. **Fall Prevention:** Clear walkways, non-slip socks, bed low, adequate lighting. **Sentinel Event:** Unexpected death or severe harm due to medical error. ? **Asepsis** Type Definition Examples / Rules Medical (Clean) Reduces microorganisms Hand hygiene, gloves, cleaning surfaces Surgical (Sterile) Eliminates all microorganisms Sterile field, sterile gloves, surgical prep **Setting up Sterile Field:** Top flap away, right-left-last toward, touch only 1-inch border, never reach over or turn back, below waist = contaminated, don’t touch bottle tip. ?? **Restraints** • Provider order required (renew q24h max). Use as last resort. • Ensure 1-finger width under restraint; tie to bed frame (not rail) with quick-release knot. • Release and assess every 2 hours. ?? **Exercise Types** Type Definition Example Isometric Contract muscle without movement Plank Isotonic Move muscle/joint through range Push-up ? **End-of-Life & Care Services** Type Definition Hospice Comfort care for terminal illness (<6 months) Respite Temporary relief for caregiver ? **Medicare & Medicaid** Program Eligibility Coverage Medicaid Income-based Basic medical services Medicare Part A ?65, ESRD, disability Hospital care Part B — Outpatient care, doctor visits Part C — Advantage plan Part D — Prescription coverage ? **Anatomy Quick Review (Abdominal Quadrants)** Quadrant Key Organs RUQ Liver, Gallbladder, Duodenum, Right Kidney LUQ Stomach, Spleen, Pancreas, Left Kidney RLQ Appendix, Cecum, Right Ovary LLQ Sigmoid & Descending Colon, Left Ovary