University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-133 | Evolutionary and Molecular Genetics
Academic year:

2023
Views:

237

Pages:

5
Author:

Amal J.

classification by phenotypeWild typeAuxotraphAll bioxynibetic eg:Histidinemutant version of wild typegenes normalbiorghthes issome bioxyn thetic genesare motated.motationtackingMotornantGrowin a completeGrow in completemediummediumThey can flocrishMinimal medium thatin minimal medium Iflack histidine doprecursors are availablenot support the growththey will synthesiseof his auxotroph.essential compounds1Forward Motation2Reverse MutationAny mutation thatchanges a motantalter wild type phenotypephenotype into wildtypeTrue ReversionSupressionmutation occurmutationthe same exactpaint regain theIntraInter.wild phenotype. 3Missence mutation:1 codon changedanother codon(aa)aa2)Neutral MutationType of missenceIcodonanother codonaa with similar propertieseg:- :- ArgLysnoeffect in function of a protein /structure.Silent Mutation usually harmless.Jcodonanother codonsame aaUUUPheat times haveUUCPheno effectCUUAIn organism depen dingof the 2 seq for Leucine, moreUUGLeveinetRNA with AAU&UUA, anotherCUACUUmutation in Iposition makesCUGCUC2ndcodon-anticadion interactionCUGorganism improperCUACector Urage Effectslow lownsprotein synthesis 4Non sense mutationsencecodonstop codonCGGAG.Protein synthesis truncated.5hoss of function mutationleads to complete loss of function ofa geneboth alleles have to be mutatedRecessive mutations (ee,both alleleshould hemutaeT- - TallT t - Talltt - short.orbothmotatedTumor supressor proteins - recessive natureMitosis G1G1 Cyclin D, CDK 4 f6Sdifferent cyclind CDKCyclin E, CDK 2G2w different stageMS Cyclin A, CDK 2KG1 Is transition- transition cyclin-CDk- Cyclin E , CDK 2 G1 cyclin of CDK promote transition f Sphase CDKtaaE2Factivator of transcriptionG/S & S cyclint CDKalltimeInhibitorRBactivatedRBPE2FE2FPcontinousdivisionGs cyclindG1/S & S cyclisCDK& CDK transcribedCancerRB- tumor supressor proteinfrom Retino BlastomaIf RB mutationE2F always activecabcerRB RBRB rbrb rbXcancer6Gain of function MutationGive a protein a newfunctions/Aproteio.activated at an inappropriate time in an inappropriatetissue.Dominant in nature eg: oncogenesproducecancerXXXX ligard/nutrientreceptorPcell divisionby signalMutation of receptor, it in alwayscascadeactivePuncontrolledCell division7Supressor MutationA motation that mask the effect of anothermutation2types.IntragenicIntegenicsupressionsupressionBoth mutationsIf Imutation occurin one gene and the IIare in the same gonerepresing mutation occorin another gene.