University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-133 | Evolutionary and Molecular Genetics
Academic year:

2023
Views:

245

Pages:

5
Author:

Amal J.

Induced Notationchemicals/radiationChemical(I) Transition inducingHNO2.GCAT(1) deaminating agentsATGC)reversible transition inducingchemical.Bisolfite - Conly(ordin gene sequencing)(2) Base analogues5 bromouracilanalogueofpair5 Bromo cracil in and formwith(5methyluracil)Thyminepairs with G.Anormally ;hot attimes.G.Cinduce transition)ATA BOkeloarABOendenolA.TBO.ATGCtransitionenolGCBu G B ,endBukeloBuketoketoGCATATA Bo2 amino purineanalogueof aclenine(3) Alkylating agentsAdd alkyl group to baseEMS Ethyl Methyl SulfonateDDINA Dimethyl NitrosamineDMS Dimethyl solfateMNO Methyl Nitroso ureaMMS Methyl Methone sulfonatealkyl + baseAdductchemical group + baseAdduct 1 chemical tbasemonoadductReversible transition(4) NH2OH (Hydroxylamine)hydroxylaminate cytosine (hydcoxylation)NH2NH-OHNNH2OH NH3NNCytosineHydroxy laminatedIIcytosine HydroxylaneroGilcytosine(GCAAT)irreversible tronsitionII Transversion InducingBenzopyrine (hydophobic)AflatoxinCyto usually 4400 monooxygorac notoxicdetoxificationin errorToxinToxin(hydcophilic)hydrophelic rich.Flooey(S.ER)hydrophobic[E.R of liver]NADPH+ +H+ Cyt P450mono oxygenase(CPM)hydeophilicOHPhone #SulfateO+ Glutathione (tripeptide Gly;Cys,Glo)OHGlucuronatetoxicBenzopyrineCPMBenzopyrine eroo(BPE)Aflatoxin CPMAflatoxin B1 epoxide(ABE)BPE + 2nd position of GAdductABE + 7thposition ofGAdduct GBPE=A(c replaced byAtransversion)GABEAoxidating species8 - -oxo goonineO2SuperoxideOHhydoxyl.GoxiaH2O2Hydeogen8-0xo -guarinpeooideHhydrogen80G A (transversion)atom.III Frame shift mutation inducingIntercalating agents.Ethidium bromideAcidine OrangeInsection /deletionAcriflaviDProflavinDioxin.Actinonycin- - Dreversible motagens. (ins reversed hydel)InsertionIntercalatingagentpolymerase incorporateanybaseInsaction1/2nucleotideextra