University:
Swansea University
Course:
PM-133 | Evolutionary and Molecular Genetics
Academic year:

2023
Views:

390

Pages:

2
Author:

Amal J.

Gastrulation and Cell Fate Mapping Gastrulation: Overview: During gastrulation, cells with similar fates that are scattered in the blastula stage come together. This involves morphogenetic movements where groups of cells or individual cells move. Morphogenetic Movements: 1. Invagination: A group of cells move into the interior of the embryo, forming a pore called the blastopore. Example: Some of the endodermal and mesodermal cells. 2. Involution: A group of cells move inward and spread over the internal surface of the outer cell layer. 3. Ingression: Individual cells move from the outer layer to the interior. This involves mesenchymal cells moving through an epithelial layer. 4. Delamination: A group of cells splits into two or more sheets, moving toward the interior region. 5. Epiboly: The movement of cells as a sheet to cover the entire embryo, leading to ectoderm formation. Cell Fate Mapping: Zygote to Blastula to Gastrula: Germ Cells: Differentiate into sperm or eggs. Ectoderm: Forms the CNS (central nervous system), outer skin, neural crest, and associated structures. Mesoderm: Differentiates into the dorsal notochord, paraxial mesoderm (which forms somites), intermediate mesoderm (which forms the kidneys), lateral plate mesoderm (which contributes to the heart, blood vessels, etc.), and other structures. Endoderm: Forms the digestive tube, pharynx, and respiratory tube, among other structures.