Utilise Health Services

UTILISE HEALTH SERVICES TYPES OF HEALTH SERVICES 1. Practicing specialist health workers 2. Handling patients in the hospital 3. Universal health food system (as implemented by Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and English) 4. Non-universal health care systems: the case of u.s FEEL AND INTERPRET SYMPTOMS FEELING SYMPTOMS is determined by many factors, including: 1.Individual differences. There are people who pay more attention to the internal state, there are people who pay more attention to external events 2. Svery strong environmental stimulus. When people are faced with a stimulus very exciting then he will pay less attention to internal sensations (Ex: on when people are injured in a highly stressful sporting competition, then the injury will not be felt, after the competition takes place then the pain will be felt) 3.Psychosocial influences. People are unable to judge internal physical states due to perception. Body sensations are strongly influenced by cognitive, social and emotional factors, this proven from research using placebo 4.Gender and sociocultural differences. Women feel uncomfortable more easily when receiving a stimulus that causes pain compared to men. Likewise, there are differences in perception and reaction to symptoms of illness between one another culture with other cultures INTERPRETING AND REACTING TO IT A SYMPTOM Direct experience and information gained from reading and listening will develop ideas and expectations about the disease. This information follows used to build "commonsense models". There are four basic components about how people think about their pain: 1. Identify the disease 2. Causes and underlying pathology 3. Idea of prognosis 4. Consequences USING HEALTH SERVICES PEOPLE WHO USE HEALTH SERVICES 1.By age.The people who most frequently use health services are: young children and the elderly. Based on female gender more often visit a doctor than men 2.Use of health services from a sociocultural perspective. Individuals originating from the lower class tends to feel less susceptible to disease compared to the upper class, so they are less interested in looking for health services. People with low income earners feel less trust in the health care system WHY PEOPLE USE, DON'T USE, AND ARE LATE USING HEALTH SERVICES 1.Ideas and beliefs. Patients sometimes feel that health services can cause problems health problems after medical procedures, this is known as “lastrogenic conditions”. 2.Health belief model. According to this model, symptoms will trigger the retrieval process decision to seek health services. A driving sense of threat the act of seeking health services is determined by three things: (a) cues to action (including perceived symptoms), (b) feelings of vulnerability, (c) feelings of seriousness 3.Social and emotional factors. Strong emotions can have different impacts-different for each person. Depressed people who have symptoms of an illness do not move quickly to seek help (perhaps because the person cannot move quickly), in contrast to people who are afraid of the symptoms of cancer felt that he would quickly seek health services. 4.Delay in seeking health services. Service delays are a series three stages, namely appraisal delay, illness delay, utilization delay COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Complementary and alternative medicine can be classified into five: 1. Manipulative and body-based methods (massage) 2. Biologically based methods (herbal medicine) 3. mind-body interventions (meditation) 4. Energy therapy (pranic energy) 5. Alternative medical systems (traditional Chinese medicine) PROBLEMS IN THE USE OF HEALTH SERVICES Problems in the use of health services can occur during the patient's time experiencing health problems due to stress such as hypochondria sufferers, namely People who feel they are physically sick actually don't have physical illness DOCTOR PATIENT RELATIONSHIP The way doctors examine patients can be classified into two: 1.Doctor-centered (paternalistic) The doctor only focuses on the first problem raised by the patient, without Try to see how it relates to other problems 2.Patient-centered When examining a patient the doctor asks open questions, for example "Can you describe the situation when the illness occurred?" WHY ARE ANY PATIENTS WANT TO FOLLOW TREATMENT ADVICE AND SOME ARE DO NOT WANT TO FOLLOW? 1. Treatment management and disease characteristics The more complex the advice given, the more difficult it is for the patient to follow. Person those suffering from serious illnesses will be more obedient than those who are suffering non-serious illness. 2. Age, gender and sociocultural factors The combination of these three factors is closely related to willing to follow behavior advice. (Children with diabetes are more willing to follow a diet than sufferers juvenile diabetes; women are more willing to follow a weight loss diet than men man) 3. Psychosocial Suffering from serious illnesses and high medical costs will influence behavior follow treatment advice