Manage and Control Clinical Pain

MANAGE AND CONTROL CLINICAL PAIN CLINICAL PAIN is pain that requires professional treatment Acute clinical pain, for example: appendix Chronic clinical pain, for example: arthritis Chronic clinical pain can result in feelings of helplessness and impairment psychological What differentiates between acute and chronic is the duration of time and the effect on sufferer. On that basis, different treatment is needed MEDICAL TREATMENT TO MANAGE PAIN There are two ways that doctors apply to deal with pain, namely: 1.Surgery, There are several ways, namely: (a) by disconnecting the peripheral nervous system so that Prevents pain signals from reaching the brain. (b) By taking (removing) the membrane which causes inflammation in the joints of arthritis sufferers 2. Use of chemical drugs a. Use of drugs to treat acute pain, eg: epidural block (inject narcotics or local anesthetic) b. Using drugs for chronic pain, for example using opium with careful monitoring 3. Collaboration with other professionals Because acute and chronic pain can cause anxiety and depression. In handling it, doctors need to collaborate with other experts, such as psychologists, social worker, physiotherapy. OVERCOMING PAIN WITH BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE METHODS A. BEHAVIORAL METHODS 1. Operant approach, namely by giving praise (pride) to the patient's behavior comply with instructions, and ignore unexpected behavior (ex: asking attention) 2. Chronic pain is often made worse by fear and stress. When the process The physiological causes of pain, fear or stress can be controlled then the feeling is not comfort will be reduced. a. Fear can be overcome with systematic desensitization b. Relaxation andbio feedback: Progressive muscle relaxation, namely by focusing attention on certain (specific) muscles then tighten and loosen it. Meditation, namely focusing attention on the object of meditation, for example: a certain object, events, sounds. To overcome pain, the patient experiences the pain later. Try to control it so you can get rid of the discomfort Biofedback , namely controlling body functions, such as heart rate by monitoring it via electronic means B. COGNITIVE METHODS 1. ACTIVE COPING TECHNIQUES, classified into 3 types, namely: a. Distraction, namely a technique of focusing attention on a stimulus that is not present painful, for example: paying attention to pictures, listening to someone's voice. b. Nonpain imagery, namely imagining a pleasant scene like at the beach, etc c. Pain redefinition, - coping statements, eg: “it hurts, but you can get it control it" - Reinterpretative statements, eg: “it's not that bad” 2. ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY, which teaches clients to appreciate it the conditions and emotions experienced, without any negative implications accompanying the conditions the. Clients are taught to be able to enjoy their activities even though pain is present C. HYPNOSIS AND INTERPERSONAL THERAPY Hypnosis can relieve acute pain, this is thought to be because people are deeply hypnotized state of deep relaxation. Just hypnosis is not effective for everyone. Hypnosis can also relieve chronic pain STIMULATION AND PHYSICAL THERAPY TO OVERCOME PAIN STIMULATION THERAPY 1. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), is a stimulus technique by placing an electrode on the skin near the pain and then stimulating the area with a light electric current. TENS can reduce pain after surgery 2. Acupuncture, is a stimulus therapy technique using small needles is inserted under the skin in a special location, then the needle is rotated with hands or with electricity to cause stimulation PHYSICAL THERAPY Physical exercise therapy to increase muscle strength and flexibility is beneficial for recovering people who have recently experienced injury or surgery. MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM, aims to: a. Reduces the pain felt by the patient b. Improve physical function and lifestyle c. Reduce or eliminate medication intake d. Improve social support and family life e. Reduce use of health services